The modern methods of reproduction physiology of horses

The concept of development of horse breeding in Ukraine until 2020 provides for an increase in the number of horses through the intensive use of modern methods of reproduction biotechnology. However, the imperfection of these methods hinders their widespread use in practice. The aim of the work was to draw attention to the most important problems of the physiology of horse reproduction in Ukraine and to show ways to solve them that have already been proposed by domestic and foreign researchers. The development strategy of the physiology of horse reproduction in order to increase its effectiveness should take into account the least studied aspects that were discussed above. The article shows that taking into account the influence of micromycetes, the absolute number of colony forming units of E. coli in semen of stallions; immuno-and cytogenetic features; new methods of sanitary preparation of horses for sperm and insemination; the effect of permissible levels of feed mycotoxins on physiological functions improves the efficiency of equine reproduction physiology methods. However, we first discovered new physiological features of the effect of erythrocyte antigens of blood groups of horses of Ukrainian selection on the indicators of their native sperm. In the presence of ad/bcm and dg/cgm alleles of the blood group D system in stallions, sperm motility is on average less than 5 points; alleles ad/cgm, ad/d, ad/de, ad/dk, bcm/d, bcm/de, bcm/dg, bcm/dk, cegm/cgm, cegm/d, cegm/dg, cegm/dk, cgm/ceg, cgm/cgm, cgm/dg, cgm/dk, de/cgm, de/dk, dg/di, dk/d, dk/de, dk/dk is accompanied by sperm motility from 5 to 7 points; alleles bcm/cgm, dg/dk, de/d, cgm/d, cgm/de sperm motility is observed more than 7 points. The results obtained allowed us to develop for practice ways to increase the efficiency of sperm cryopreservation by immunogenetic parameters. In addition, open physiological correlations can increase the fertility of mares during mating

Patterns from preheating

The formation of regular patterns is a well-known phenomenon in condensed matter physics. Systems that exhibit pattern formation are typically driven and dissipative with pattern formation occurring in the weakly non-linear regime and sometimes even in more strongly non-linear regions of parameter space. In the early universe, parametric resonance can drive explosive particle production called preheating. The fields that are populated then decay quantum mechanically if their particles are unstable. Thus, during preheating, a driven-dissipative system exists. In this paper, we show that a self-coupled inflaton oscillating in its potential at the end of inflation can exhibit pattern formation.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex, 6 figure

Constrained Simulations of the Magnetic Field in the Local Universe and the Propagation of UHECRs

We use simulations of LSS formation to study the build-up of magnetic fields (MFs) in the ICM. Our basic assumption is that cosmological MFs grow in a MHD amplification process driven by structure formation out of a seed MF present at high z. Our LCDM initial conditions for the density fluctuations have been statistically constrained by the observed galaxies, based on the IRAS 1.2-Jy all-sky redshift survey. As a result, prominent galaxy clusters in our simulation coincide closely with their real counterparts. We find excellent agreement between RMs of our simulated clusters and observational data. The improved resolution compared to previous work also allows us to study the MF in large-scale filaments, sheets and voids. By tracing the propagation of UHE protons in the simulated MF we construct full-sky maps of expected deflection angles of protons with arrival energies E=1e20eV and 4e19eV, respectively. Strong deflections are only produced if UHE protons cross clusters, however covering only a small area on the sky. Multiple crossings of sheets and filaments over larger distances may give rise to noticeable deflections, depending on the model adopted for the magnetic seed field. Based on our results we argue that over a large fraction of the sky the deflections are likely to remain smaller than the present experimental angular sensitivity. Therefore, we conclude that forthcoming air shower experiments should be able to locate sources of UHE protons and shed more light on the nature of cosmological MFs.Comment: 3revised version, JCAP, accepte

Reheating and thermalization in a simple scalar model

We consider a simple model for the Universe reheating, which consists of a single self--interacting scalar field in Minkowskian space--time. Making use of the existence of an additional small parameter proportional to the amplitude of the initial spatially homogeneous field oscillations, we show that the behavior of the field can be found reliably. We describe the evolution of the system from the homogeneous oscillations to the moment when thermalization is completed. We compare our results with the Hartree--Fock approximation and argue that some properties found for this model may be the common features of realistic theories.Comment: Some changes in Introduction and Discussion, comparison with the Hartree--Fock results added. 37 pages, 2 postscript figures attache

Resonant Production of Topological Defects

We describe a novel phenomenon in which vortices are produced due to resonant oscillations of a scalar field which is driven by a periodically varying temperature T, with T remaining much below the critical temperature $T_c$. Also, in a rapid heating of a localized region to a temperature {\it below} $T_c$, far separated vortex and antivortex can form. We compare our results with recent models of defect production during reheating after inflation. We also discuss possible experimental tests of our predictions of topological defect production {\it without} ever going through a phase transition.Comment: Revtex, 13 pages including 5 postscript figure

Dynamics of tachyonic preheating after hybrid inflation

We study the instability of a scalar field at the end of hybrid inflation, using both analytical techniques and numerical simulations. We improve previous studies by taking the inflaton field fully into account, and show that the range of unstable modes depends sensitively on the velocity of the inflaton field, and thereby on the Hubble rate, at the end of inflation. If topological defects are formed, their number density is determined by the shortest unstable wavelength. Finally, we show that the oscillations of the inflaton field amplify the inhomogeneities in the energy density, leading to local symmetry restoration and faster thermalization. We believe this explains why tachyonic preheating is so effective in transferring energy away from the inflaton zero mode.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, REVTeX. Minor changes, some references added. To appear in PR

Massive graviton as a testable cold dark matter candidate

We construct a consistent model of gravity where the tensor graviton mode is massive, while linearized equations for scalar and vector metric perturbations are not modified. The Friedmann equation acquires an extra dark-energy component leading to accelerated expansion. The mass of the graviton can be as large as $\sim (10^{15}{cm})^{-1}$, being constrained by the pulsar timing measurements. We argue that non-relativistic gravitational waves can comprise the cold dark matter and may be detected by the future gravitational wave searches.Comment: 4 pages, final version to appear in PR