Ecological assemblages of corticulous myxomycetes in forest communities of the North-East Ukraine

Corticulous myxomycetes remain one of the least surveyed ecological groups of terrestrial protists. These organisms develop on the bark of trees, mostly feeding on bacteria and microalgae. Their microscopic size and fast developmental cycle (3–5 days) complicate the study of these organisms, and therefore data their on ecological relationships and patterns of biodiversity corticulous myxomycetes remain controversial. On the territory of the southwest spurs of the Central Russian Upland (Northeast Ukraine), no special studies on these organisms have been conducted. During 2017–2020, in nine forest sites located in this territory, we collected samples of bark of 16 species of tree plants, on which sporulating myxomycetes were then identified using the moist chamber technique in laboratory conditions. A total of 434 moist chambers was prepared, and 267 (61.5%) of which were found to contain myxomycete fruiting bodies. In total, we made 535 observations, finding 20,211 sporocarps. As a result, in the surveyed territory, we found 38 species of corticulous myxomycetes, belonging to 18 genera, 10 families, 7 orders, and 2 subclasses of Myxomycetes. Among the species of corticulous myxomycetes, the most abundant were Echinostelium minutum, Arcyria pomiformis, Macbrideola cornea, Perichaena chrysosperma, Licea kleistobolus, Paradiacheopsis fimbriata, Cribraria violacea, Enerthenema papillatum, A. cinerea, and L. operculata. The greatest species richness in the examined biota was observed for genera Comatricha, Licea, Paradiacheopsis and Perichaena, families Amaurochaetaceae and Trichiaceae, orders Stemonitidales, Trichiales and Physarales. By species diversity, dark-spored myxomycetes (Collumellomycetidae) somewhat exceeded bright-spored myxomycetes (Lucisporomycetidae). Badhamia versicolor, Didymium dubium, D. sturgisii, Macbrideola decapillata, and Perichaena luteola are new species for the surveyed area. Four species of myxomycetes were collected in Ukraine for the first time: Hemitrichia pardina, Licea floriformis, L. pygmea, and Macbrideola argentea. Quantitative and qualitative structure of myxomycete consortia developing on different species of substrate-forming plants demonstrated significant differences. The highest level of similarity was demonstrated by Fraxinus excelsior and Acer platanoides, and a relatively strong relationship was seen between Pinus sylvestris and Tilia cordata. The central cluster comprised F. excelsior, A. platanoides and P. sylvestris. By the sum of values of Bray-Curtis coefficient, Quercus robur appeared to be most distinctive plant species by quantitative composition of myxomycete consortia. F. excelsior and T. cordata are the most favourable for the development of corticulous myxomycetes. In all the analyzed consortia, the dominant species belonged to the Stemonitidales and Trichiales orders, while the remaining orders were represented by notably fewer species. Relative species richness of Stemonitidales was the highest in consortia of P. sylvestris, the contribution of Liceales was the greatest in A. platanoides and P. sylvestris, the percentage of Echinosteliales and Physarales was the highest on F. excelsior, the share of Cribrariales was especially large on A. platanoides. Trichiales were represented on all the analyzed substrates to almost the same extent. Representatives of Cribrariales and Physarales were completely absent on P. sylvestris, the species of Clastodermatales – on all species of plants, except Q. robur. Prevalence of bright-spored myxomycetes was determined for consortia of Acer platanoides, the dominance of dark-spored myxomycetes – for F. excelsior, P. sylvestris and Q. robur. The obtained data indicate the presence of stable complexes of corticulous myxomycetes, associated with different species of trees in the forest ecosystems of Northeast Ukraine. This encourages further study of the structure of myxomycete consortia with tree species that were not included in this study and determining the influence of physical-chemical properties of the bark of different plant species on the discovered peculiarities of myxomycete communities

Space-time organization of Y. Makyuen's novel "black Dogs"

Artistic time and space create a unique world of a book and remain one of the most relevant topics for study in literary criticism. The change of literary movements introduces some changes in the organization of works. Space and time, as structure developing categories are capable of transmitting not only the attitude of heroes, but also reflect the philosophical views of a writer. They reflect an ideological and a thematic content of the works. The article deals with the problem of spatial and temporal organization within the novel "Black Dogs" written by Ian McEwan (Ian McEwan), one of the most prominent representatives of contemporary British postmodernism. This novel is a demonstration of the writer's spacetime concept. The authors make a comprehensive analysis of the artistic space and time in the novel, highlight the most significant chronotopes and trace their function. The categories of space and time allow to define the features of the writer's creative method, which includes the features of postmodern and realism. The form of a memoir novel, allows to expand the boundaries of time and space in the work. The action is similar to a journey in time and space. Such space-time organization is the basis of the causes study for the writer that gave rise to the current state of the world

Percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: risks and novel way to manage

The article is a literature review devoted to issues of planned percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pathogenetic base of poor prognosis and new ways to pharmacological risk correction are described. The article highlights the trends in the incidence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, their role in the development of complications of myocardial revascularization. The results of studies comparing different tactics of revascularization and their results in patients with different status of carbohydrate metabolism are presented. The article discusses the methods of risk management within percutaneous coronary revascularization, the role of glycemic metabolism in the risk of an poor prognosis of myocardial revascularization, describes the results of clinical trials of new drugs that can have a positive effect on the prognosis of revascularization in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders

ФРАКЦИОННЫЙ РЕЗЕРВ КАК СПОСОБ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ЗНАЧИМОСТИ ТАНДЕМНЫХ И БИФУРКАЦИОННЫХ СТЕНОЗОВ, ПОРАЖЕНИЯ СТВОЛА ЛЕВОЙ КОРОНАРНОЙ АРТЕРИИ J. MALLIDI, MD, MHS; A. LOTFI, MD, FSCAI (Перевод выполнили Н. А. Кочергин , А. М. Кочергина)

Subjects with tandem lesions bifurcation lesions, left main disease and acute coronary syndrome are not included in trials supporting fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided revascularization. Assessment and interpretation of FFR in these clinical scenarios is technically challenging due to the unique changes in flow hemodynamics in each of these situations. The existing literature supports the safety of using FFR to guide revascularization in these situations; however, the evidence is limited and further research is warranted.Пациенты с тандемными и бифуркационными стенозами, поражением ствола левой коронарной артерии и острым коронарным синдромом не включаются в клинические исследования, изучающие фракционный резерв кровотока. Измерение фракционного резерва кровотока, а также интерпретация его результатов представляют особые затруднения, так как в каждом случае имеются особенности коронарной гемодинамики. Согласно имеющимся данным, определение фракционного резерва кровотока при проведении реваскуляризации миокарда является безопасным и эффективным методом, однако доказательная база недостаточна, что обусловливает потребность в дальнейших исследованиях

Клинический случай инфекционного эндокардита с поражением клапана легочной артерии

Highlights. A rare case of pulmonary valve infective endocarditis in a patient without medical and social risk factors is reported. The presented treatment strategy is of particular interest to general physicians, cardiologists, and cardiac surgeons.The incidence of isolated pulmonary valve infective endocarditis is extremely rare in the general population. Thus, clinical physicians do not have their own experience in the differential diagnosis of this pathology. There is a prejudice that Abstract infective endocarditis involving the right side of the heart is commonly associated with intravenous drug abuse. Healthcare professionals lack caution when making this diagnosis in patients. We report a rare clinical case of pulmonary valve infective endocarditis in a patient without medical and social risk factors.Основные положения. Описан редкий случай развития инфекционного эндокардита с нетипичной локализацией клапанного поражения у пациента без медико-социальных факторов риска. Материал будет полезен терапевтам, кардиологам и кардиохирургам.Частота встречаемости поражения клапана легочной артерии при инфекционном эндокардите близка к казуистической. Ввиду редкости указанной патологии врачи клинических специальностей не имеют собственного опыта дифференциальной диагностики данного состояния. Кроме того, бытует предубеждение, что главным источником инфекции при поражении правых отделов сердца является внутривенное введение наркотических веществ. Это приводит к тому, что у практикующих врачей отсутствует настороженность при постановке данного диагноза у социально благополучных пациентов. В настоящей работе описан редкий случай развития инфекционного эндокардита с нетипичной локализацией клапанного поражения у пациента без медико-социальных факторов риска

Эффекты блокаторов рецепторов к ангиотензину II у пациентов со стабильной ишемической болезнью сердца

Highlights. The review synthesizes the results of clinical studies on the use of sartans. This topic is highly relevant due to the antihypertensive, metabolic and organ-protective effect of sartans, which can positively affect the course of coronary atherosclerosis.Abstract. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (sartans) are widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases. This class of drugs has antihypertensive and metabolic effects and organ-protective capabilities. Currently, sartans are of high interest due to their pleiotropic effect: improved lipid metabolism, antidiabetogenic action, nephroprotection, and, as a result, reduced total cardiovascular risk. The article presents an overview of clinical data on the use of sartans in patients with ischemic heart disease, the mechanisms of organ-protective effects and prospects of using this class of drugs for total cardiovascular risk reduction. The following data sources were used: e-Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, trialbulletin.com, smartpatients.com, BioPortfolio.com.Основные положения. В обзоре систематизированы результаты клинических исследований группы лекарственных препаратов сартанов. Актуальность материала обусловлена наличием у сартанов не только антигипертензивного, но метаболических и органопротективных эффектов, которые могут положительно влиять на течение коронарного атеросклероза.Резюме. Блокаторы рецепторов к ангиотензину II (сартаны) - группа средств, широко применяемых для лечения сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Препараты этой группы демонстрируют не только антигипертензивное действие, но и ряд органопротективных и метаболических эффектов. В настоящее время отмечен интерес к данной группе препаратов с позиции их плейотропного эффекта: улучшения липидного обмена, антидиабетогенного действия, нефропротекции и, как следствие, снижения суммарного кардиоваскулярного риска. Статья представляет собой обзор данных о результатах использования сартанов у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца, механизмах органопротективного влияния и перспективах применения этой группы препаратов с целью воздействия на риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. При подготовке статьи использованы ресурсы eLIBRARY.ru, ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, trialbulletin.com, smartpatients.com, BioPortfolio.com

Внутрисосудистый ультразвук как метод выявления нестабильных атеросклеротических бляшек коронарных артерий (обзор литературы)

The vulnerable plaque is an atherosclerotic plaque which can lead to  thrombosis of a coronary artery with development of an acute coronary  syndrome. Most myocardial infarctions occur in people with average  levels of risk factors and thrombosis mostly originate from lesions that  are less severely narrowed. Thus, in most cases, these plaques are clinically silent before the “unheralded” acute event and would not  be considered eligible for preventive treatment based on current  guidelines. The main question is to identify thrombosis-prone  “vulnerable” plaques before they rupture or become destabilized. IVUS  is a useful tool in identifying high risk plaque features and vulnerable lesions in patients.Под нестабильной подразумевается бляшка, склонная к разрыву, которая может привести к  тромбозу коронарной артерии с развитием острого коронарного синдрома. Инфаркт  миокарда часто происходит у пациентов, которые имеют средний риск неблагоприятных кардиоваскулярных событий, причем тромбоз часто происходит в  поражениях коронарных артерий с умеренно выраженной степенью стеноза. Таким образом, в большинстве случаев такие бляшки клинически себя никак не проявляют до  развития острого события, а также не подлежат реваскуляризации согласно актуальным  рекомендациям. Одним из важных вопросов является выявление нестабильных бляшек с  целью разработки мер профилактики. Внутрисосудистый ультразвук с виртуальной гистологией – полезный и  эффективный метод выявления нестабильных бляшек, который позволяет определить  категорию пациентов с высоким риском неблагоприятных коронарных событий

DETERMINATION OF FLUORINE IN GRAPHITE BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to determine fluorine in graphite. The optimal conditions for excitation and registration of the analytical signal. This technique makes it possible to control the degree of saturation with fluorine of graphite electrodes and graphite dust

Role of glycemic control in elective percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes

Aim. To assess the association of glycemic control (achievement of an individual target glycated hemoglobin level) with the outcomes of elective percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and methods. This cohort observational study included 74 patients with a median age of 61 (57; 64) years. There were 49% of men with a previously established T2D, who had indications for elective primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable coronary artery disease. At inclusion in the study and after 1 month, the concentration of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fructosamine, and serum creatinine were determined. Plasma glucose levels were determined using the hexokinase method. HbA1c level was determined by immunoturbidimetry on a Konelab 30i chemistry analyzer. The concentration of fructosamine was determined by the kinetic colorimetric assay on a Konelab 30i chemistry analyzer. Statistical processing was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program from StatSoft, Inc. (USA).Results. At the time of enrollment, 31% of participants had not achieved the target glycated hemoglobin level against the background of nonoptimal hypoglycemic therapy in most cases. A total of 18 (25%) following adverse cardiovascular events were registered within 12 months after PCI: 11 (15%) patients developed acute coronary syndrome; among them, 6 (8%) patients had stent restenosis according to coronary angiography, 4 (6%) patients — progression of atherosclerosis, which required repeated PCI with stenting of another vessel, 2 (3%) patients — cerebrovascular accident, and 3 (4%) patients were hospitalized due to de compensated heart failure. According to multivariate logistic regression, only the HbA1c level was a predictor of adverse outcomes during the year after PCI — a 1% increase in HbA1c level increased the risk of adverse outcomes by 1,79 times (odds ratio, 1,79, 95% confidence interval, 1,06-3,02, p=0,028). Poor glycemic control 1 month before PCI increased the risk of cardiovascular events by 4,04 times over the next year, while non-target HbA1c level immediately before PCI increased the risk of adverse outcomes by 4,7 times, and 5 months after PCI, by 7,34 times.Conclusion. The significance of non-target glycated hemoglobin level for adverse outcomes during the year after elective PCI against the background of T2D was established with an increase in the negative effect as long-term (after myocardial revascularization) maintenance of poor glycemic control

Хроническая и острая декомпенсированная сердечная недостаточность: актуальные вопросы

Highlights. The article is a review of current literary data on the problem of acute decompensated heart failure. The review highlights the basic principles of the diagnosis and treatment, as well as the problems of their implementation into clinical practice.Abstract Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a life-threatening condition that requires an emergency hospitalization for intensive treatment. Moreover, it is the event that worsens the patient's further prognosis. Frequent rehospitalizations for decompensation of heart failure reduce life expectancy and quality, and are also a significant economic problem in practical health care. The increasing number of patients with heart failure leads to the growing number of patients seeking medical help for acute decompensated heart failure. More than half of the patients are re-hospitalized within a year for the same reason. The predicted increase in the prevalence of CHF worldwide makes the management of such patients a global medical and social problem. Patients delay, low compliance and insufficient ambulatory monitoring are the factors that need to be influenced in order to improve the prognosis. The article is a review of literary data on the epidemiology of ADHF, diagnosis, treatment and outpatient observation of patients with acute decompensated heart failure. The problems of compliance, the prospects for modern methods of remote monitoring and the possibilities of new drugs are discussed in the article.Основные положения. Статья представляет собой обзор актуальных литературных данных, посвященных проблеме острой декомпенсированной сердечной недостаточности. В обзоре освещены основные принципы диагностики и лечения, а также проблемы их трансляции в клиническую практику.Резюме Острая декомпенсация сердечной недостаточности (ОДСН) – жизнеугрожающее состояние, требующее не только экстренной госпитализации для интенсивного лечения, но и ухудшающее дальнейший прогноз пациента. Частые регоспитализации по поводу ОДСН снижают продолжительность и качество жизни, а также служат значимой экономической проблемой практического здравоохранения. С увеличением в популяции количества больных хронической сердечной недостаточностью повышается число обращений за медицинской помощью по поводу ее декомпенсации. Более половины пациентов госпитализируют повторно в течение года по той же причине. Прогнозируемый рост распространенности хронической сердечной недостаточности во всем мире делает вопрос ведения таких пациентов глобальной медико-социальной проблемой. Несвоевременное обращение за медицинской помощью, низкая комплаентность и недостаточный контроль на амбулаторном этапе – факторы, на которые необходимо влиять, чтобы улучшить прогноз. Статья представляет собой обзор литературных данных по эпидемиологии ОДСН, диагностике и лечению пациентов с ОДСН, амбулаторному наблюдению больных хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Освещены проблемы приверженности лечению, перспективы современных способов дистанционного мониторинга и возможности новых лекарственных препаратов