Simultaneous Effect of Vitamin C and Warfarin on Coagulation Pathways of Rats

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to assess variations in coagulating pathways after simultaneous administration of warfarin and vitamin C. Methods: A total of 50 Wistar rats were selected. The rats were divided into 5 groups (1 group as control and 4 groups as experiment with 10 rats in each group). One group was control group, second group was given only warfarin for 10 days while the third group given warfarin and vitamin C simultaneously for 10 days, fourth group was given only warfarin for 20 days, and fifth group was given warfarin and vitamin C simultaneously for 20 days. After 10th and 20th days of administration of warfarin and vitamin C, blood samples were taken in order to measure the mean PT, PTT, BT and CT levels. Results: vitamin C caused a decrease in PT and PTT after 20 days. PT and PTT showed a significant decrease after 10 days in the group that received only warfarin as compared to the group that received warfarin and vitamin C. BT levels showed a decrease after both 10 and 20 days in the group that received warfarin and vitamin C together as compared to the group that received only warfarin. There were significant statistical differences in BT of the two groups of rats (group receiving warfarin and vitamin C and group receiving only warfarin) (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous administration of vitamin C and warfarin (20 days) results in decrease of PT, PTT, BT and CT and neutralization of warfarin effect. The effect of vitamin C on blood coagulation can be similar to vitamin K

Design and Laboratory Level Production of High Energy Survival Tablets for Athletes, Tourists and People who Faced Natural Disasters

Introduction: People affected by natural disasters like flood or earthquakes and also athletes like mountain climbers and also sailors who continuously go to jungles or deserts, might get into trouble in the nature and need help to get back to their home and therefore, they might need high energy supplements to keep them alive up to the time they find a food source. The goal of this study was to design and make these laboratory prototypes of high energy tablets. Methods: For making tablets 15 different formulations were designed and made in the laboratory and then were tested to be suit. We objected to design formulations that could provide at least 20 kcal per each tab and amount of daily protein (about 25 grams), Tablets were design to provide not only the minimum energy needed but also the minimum protein needs and daily requirements of some vitamins and minerals of a healthy male adult. Results: Laboratory samples of 5 gram high energy (21 Kcal) were produced. The best formulation that had the capacity to be converted into tablets consisted of olive oil (16%), maltodextrin (36%), high biological value protein powder (25%), sesame seed (17%) and wheat germ (6%). 25 tablets should be taken each day which provides 525 kcal energy, 25g protein and different vitamins and minerals, daily; therefore, they will provide the minimum energy needs for at least 10 days if provided in 1.2 kg packs.&nbsp; Conclusion: The production of high energy tab rations can provide minimum energy needs for at least 7 days for athletes, tourists and people who face natural disasters when there is no access to any other food resources because they occupy the minimum volume and their production is accessible in Iran

The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Glaucium Flavum on the Activity of Anti Oxidative Enzymes in the Heart and Brain of Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress is the connection between diabetes and neuropathies and micro vascular disorders. This study was designed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Glaucium Flavum on the tissue activity of antioxidant enzymes in the heart and brain of Alloxan induced diabetic rats. METHODS: In this experimental study, 32 male rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight including control, diabetic, diabetic rats treated by Glaucium Flavum with dose of 500mg/kg and diabetic rats treated with Glibenclamide 5μg/kg. Diabetes was induced by single injection of 120mg/kg of Alloxan. After one month, activity of SOD, CAT and GPX were measured in the heart and brain tissues and analyzed. FINDINGS: Cardiac activity of all three enzymes in the diabetic + extract group were significantly higher than diabetic control (p<0.001). Activity of SOD in brain had a significant difference in comparison to diabetic + extract (8.79±1.4) and diabetic +drug groups (6.77±1.7) (p=0.03). As the same, CAT activity in diabetic+extract group (4.64±1.2) was significantly higher than diabetic + drug group (3.83±1.5) (p<0.001). Similar to the two previous state, GPX activity in diabetic+extract group (4.23±0.7) was significantly higher than diabetic+drug group (3.64±0.4) (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: The present study declared that yellow Glaucium Flavum extract can promote the main protective enzymatic mechanisms against diabetic induced oxidative stress in heart and brain. In addition, the effect of the extract was more successful than the effect of Glibenclamide and this effect was more pronounced in brain tissue

Evaluating the effect of low-level laser therapy on healing of tentomized Achilles tendon in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by light microscopical and gene expression examinations

Tendon healing is impaired in individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). According to research, there is considerable improvement in the healing of surgically tenotomized Achilles tendons following low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in non-diabetic, healthy animals. This study uses light microscopic (LM) and semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analyses to evaluate the ability of LLLT in healing Achilles tendons from streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ-D) rats. A total of 88 rats were randomly divided into two groups, non-diabetic and diabetic. DM was induced in the rats by injections of STZ. The right Achilles tendons of all rats were tenotomized 1 month after administration of STZ. Laser-treated rats were treated with a helium-neon (He-Ne) laser that had a 632.8-nm wavelength and 7.2-mW average power. Experimental group rats received a daily dose of 0.014 J (energy density, 2.9 J/cm2). Control rats did not receive LLLT. Animals were sacrificed on days 5, 10, and 15 post-operatively for semi-quantitative LM and semi-quantitative RT-PCR examinations of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) gene expression. The chi-square test showed that LLLT significantly reduced inflammation in non-diabetic rats compared with their non-diabetic controls (p = 0.02). LLLT significantly decreased inflammation in diabetic rats on days 5 (p = 0.03) and 10 (p = 0.02) compared to the corresponding control diabetic rats. According to the student's t test, LLLT significantly increased TGF-β1 gene expression in healthy (p = 0.000) and diabetic (p = 0.000) rats compared to their relevant controls. The He-Ne laser was effective in altering the inflammatory reaction and increasing TGF-β1 gene production. © 2014 Springer-Verlag