THE CHANGES WITHIN COORDINATION STRUCTURE OF ATHLETES' MOVEMENTS AT VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF GRAVITATION INTERACTIONS

INTRODUCTION - The changes within coordination structure of athletes' complex motions under simulation of various conditions of gravitation interactions were studied at the experiment. Motion actions of basketballers who performed the throw into basket at jumping: under natural conditions A; under condition B - with weights being positioned on the body so that the geometry of athletes' body masses to keep with the man; under condition C - with weight placed locally on the body (waistcoat) were controlled by the using of videocomputer analysis, the tensodynamography. RESULTS - The characteristics of vertical component of supporting response as well as the kinematic parameters were registered. Computed t-statistics about the time of the achieving of supporting response' maximum vertical component plus the time of the taking off platform Tmax + Tt for compared samples A and B is -2.3128 at significance level 0.0231, for samples A and C is -1.0704 at significance level 0.2874. Computed t-statistics about the gradient of supporting response' vertical component F'(t) for compared samples A and B is 2.1351 at significance level 0.0355, for samples A and C is 0.4043 at significance level 0.6870. Computed t-statistics about the impulse of supporting response' vertical component I F(t)dt for compared samples A and B is - 3.5362 at significance level 6.5E4, for samples A and C is -1.4528 at significance level 0.1498. Computed t-statistics about the total time of the jump Tsum for compared samples A and B is -1.2286 a significance level 0.2225, for samples / and C is -0.0218 at significance level 0.0986. The results of hypothesis test for Ho about the differences=O (at Alpha=O 05 between these statistical samples each b! number of observations equal of 4! showed: I) the hypothesis Ho is not rejected , the differences equal 0 at the comparison between samples of condition A and B; 2) the hypothesis Ho is rejected , the differences are not equal 0 at the comparison between samples of condition A and C. CONCLUSION - The experiments proved the weights being positioned so that the geometry of body mass to keep did not influence essentially onto kinematic structure of throw technique. At the same time the weight of the same mass that is fixed locally on the body cause: pronounced changes within the coordination structure of the throw particularly with the time. Experiments showed the positioning of weights at the keeping of masses’ geometry allows to create for examinees the artificial gravitational surround adequate with a motional tasks and so gives the possibility to increase essentially their power potential and to improve greatly the coordination of motions during sport exercises

The Average Covering Tree Value for Directed Graph Games

We introduce a single-valued solution concept, the so-called average covering tree value, for the class of transferable utility games with limited communication structure represented by a directed graph. The solution is the average of the marginal contribution vectors corresponding to all covering trees of the directed graph. The covering trees of a directed graph are those (rooted) trees on the set of players that preserve the dominance relations between the players prescribed by the directed graph. The average covering tree value is component efficient and under a particular convexity-type condition is stable. For transferable utility games with complete communication structure the average covering tree value equals to the Shapley value of the game. If the graph is the directed analog of an undirected graph the average covering tree value coincides with the gravity center solution

Common Subcontracting and Airline Prices

In the US airline industry, independent regional airlines fly passengers on behalf of several national airlines across different markets, giving rise to $\textit{common subcontracting}$. On the one hand, we find that subcontracting is associated with lower prices, consistent with the notion that regional airlines tend to fly passengers at lower costs than major airlines. On the other hand, we find that $\textit{common}$ subcontracting is associated with higher prices. These two countervailing effects suggest that the growth of regional airlines can have anticompetitive implications for the industry

Demographic approach to the secular clergy in Seventeenth Century Murcia

Artículo de la sección: EstudiosPara numerosos autores del siglo XVII, el excesivo número de clérigos era una de las causas de la crisis de la Monarquía Hispánica. Sin embargo, no se dispone de datos fiables que corroboren estos planteamientos. Existe para la ciudad de Murcia una documentación que utilizándose con mucha cautela puede servir para tener una idea de los efectivos del clero secular, su distribución, el porcentaje que representaba en el conjunto de la población así como su evolución a lo largo de la centuria. A la luz de esta información podremos juzgar si las quejas de los tratadistas estaban justificadas.For many Seventeenth Century authors, the excessive number of clergymen was one of the causes of the crisis of the Hispanic Monarchy. However, it is not possible to get reliable data for correborating these positions. Exists for the city of Murcia a documentation that being used with much caution can serve to have an idea of the number of the secular clergy, its distribution, the percentage that was representing on the whole of the population, as well as its evolution throughout the century. With all this information we shall be able to judge if the writers were right.Departamento de Historia Moderna y de América, Universidad de Granada

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О КЛЕТОЧНО-МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ МЕХАНИЗМАХ АНГИОГЕНЕЗА

The review contains modern scientific literary data, recently conducted studies, which devoted to studying of molecular, cellular and genetic mechanisms in processes of angiogenesis. The authors describe in detail angiogenesis stages, value of the main proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, apoptosis factors, which have different orientation in regulation of blood vessels development. Role of a special population of bone marrow-derived stem cells - endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in the neovascularization is analyzed. Participation of VEGF-dependent, ANG/Tie-dependent and Notch-signaling pathways, posttranscription regulation of a genome with participation of microRNA in angiogenesis processes are discussed and reviewed.В обзоре представлены современные научные литературные данные, рассмотрены проведенные исследования, посвященные изучению молекулярных, клеточных и генетических механизмов в процессах ангиогенеза. Авторы детально анализируют этапы процесса ангиогенеза, роль ведущих проангиогенных и антиангиогенных факторов, факторов апоптоза, обладающих различной направленностью в регуляции развития кровеносных сосудов. Проводится подробный анализ роли особой популяция стволовых клеток костного мозга - предшественников эндотелиальных клеток - в процессах неоваскуляризации. Обсуждаются и анализируются участие VEGF-, Ang/Tie-зависимых и Notch-сигнальных путей, посттранскрипционной регуляции генома с участием микроРНК в процессах ангиогенеза

Construction and analysis of tissue microarrays

Tissue microarray technology allows investigators to detect expression of proteins on multiple tissue samples, which helps to obtain more precise results as well as reduce the cost of the study. This high throughput technique can become an effective way to solve many scientific and diagnostic problems. Knowledge of preparation and various data analysis techniques may facilitate introduction of this method in routine practice pathologist. This review presents practical aspects of construction of tissue microarray blocks, validation of the data, and statistical analysis using this method.Технология тканевых матриц позволяет одновременно определить экспрессию протеинов на множественных тканевых образцах, что дает возможность не только получить более точные результаты, но и значительно удешевить само исследование. Этот высокотехнологичный метод может стать путем разрешения многих научных и диагностических проблем. Знание особенностей техники изготовления и возможных методов анализа данных может значительно облегчить процесс внедрения этой технологии в рутинную практику патоморфолога. Настоящая работа посвящена практическим аспектам построения множественно-тканных блоков, вариантам анализа и статистической обработки данных, полученных с помощью этого метода