Variation in fold geometry in the Yuso basin, northern Spain: implications for the deformation regime

First generation structures in greywackes of the Yuso Group from the Cantabrian Mountains of northern Spain show a distinct variation in geometry with depth in a regional synclinal structure (Curavacas and Lechada synclines); they are easily distinguished from other deformation events. In the structurally uppermost level we find `flap folds'. Flap folds are recumbent structures with the inverted limb preserved. Below this level `cascade folds' are found. These structures have a vergence opposite to that of parasitic folds. The nomenclature adopted is from Harrison and Falcon. Characteristically, these structures have shallowly dipping axial surfaces, in agreement with the shallow dip of the axial plane (regional) cleavage. In the lowermost structural level, upright parasitic folds with a steep cleavage are present. The variation in fold geometry is accompanied by a general steepening of the regional cleavage with increasing depth. In the absence of overprinting relationships the F1 fold geometries are included in a single deformation event.The steepening of the cleavage with depth reflects the change in orientation of the maximum shortening direction from sub-vertical in the upper part of the syncline to sub-horizontal in the lower part. With increasing depth the deformation regime during F1 changed from bending to buckling. The deformation regime on the regional scale, however, is associated with basement subsidence and passive formation of the regional synclinal structure. Furthermore, the absence of a distinct microfabric for the different F1 folds indicates that on a small scale a similar deformation regime was present. We conclude, therefore, that the scale at which we study a structure only reflects the deformation regime at that particular scale. Consequently, the overall deformation regime cannot be determined from single outcrops or microstructural analysis alone.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26441/1/0000529.pd

On a difference in the antifungal activity of tridemorph and its formulated product Calixin

The antifungal effects of tridemorph and its formulated product Calixin were compared in vitro on Ustilago maydis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulopsis candida, Botrytis allii, and Cladosporium cucumerinum. MIC values for both products were about the same. In liquid media the products were somewhat more effective than on solid media. T. candida proved sensitive only at pH 5, but the other organisms were as sensitive at pH 7 as at pH 5. Whereas tridemorph even at high concentrations did not affect oxygen consumption of these organisms, Calixin at concentrations slightly above the MIC values appeared to inhibit respiration. This effect of Calixin could be explained by the presence of Nekanil LN in the formulation. This compound inhibited both growth and respiration of the organisms at high concentrations; however, in the simultaneous presence of tridemorph a synergistic effect on oxygen consumption was observed

The antifungal activity of thiosemicarbazides in vitro and their systemic activity against cucumber scab Cladosporium cucumerinum

The antifungal activity of a number of thiosemicarbazides was studied. The position and nature of substituents in thiosemicarbazide seem to be of great inftuence on growth-inhibition. High activity was found for 1-aryl substituted thiosemicarbazides, particularly for 1-phenylthiosemicarbazide (PTS) and certain of its ring-substituted derivatives. In systemic tests against cucumber scab, PTS and a number of its substitution products showed considerable activity

Tentative identification of 2-imidazoline as a transformation product of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides

2-Imidazoline has been identified tentatively as a minor conversion product of ethylenethiourea in seedlings of cucumber and wheat. As ethylenethiourea is known to be present in plants after root treatment with ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides, 2-imidazoline is assumed to be a terminal residue of these fungicides as well

Tentative identification of 2-imidazoline as a transformation product of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides

2-Imidazoline has been identified tentatively as a minor conversion product of ethylenethiourea in seedlings of cucumber and wheat. As ethylenethiourea is known to be present in plants after root treatment with ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides, 2-imidazoline is assumed to be a terminal residue of these fungicides as well