Enzymatic oligomerization and polymerization of arylamines: state of the art and perspectives

The literature concerning the oxidative oligomerization and polymerization of various arylamines, e.g., aniline, substituted anilines, aminonaphthalene and its derivatives, catalyzed by oxidoreductases, such as laccases and peroxidases, in aqueous, organic, and mixed aqueous organic monophasic or biphasic media, is reviewed. An overview of template-free as well as template-assisted enzymatic syntheses of oligomers and polymers of arylamines is given. Special attention is paid to mechanistic aspects of these biocatalytic processes. Because of the nontoxicity of oxidoreductases and their high catalytic efficiency, as well as high selectivity of enzymatic oligomerizations/polymerizations under mild conditions-using mainly water as a solvent and often resulting in minimal byproduct formation-enzymatic oligomerizations and polymerizations of arylamines are environmentally friendly and significantly contribute to a "green'' chemistry of conducting and redox-active oligomers and polymers. Current and potential future applications of enzymatic polymerization processes and enzymatically synthesized oligo/polyarylamines are discussed

Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using an iron-rich soil

ABSTRACT – Organic dyes from industry wastewater pollute water tables. Here proposed environmental solution relies on pristine red soil for oxidative degradation of methylene blue dye. Soil analysis comprised spectroscopic (FTIR and Raman) and microscopic (SEM/EDS) techniques, while spectrophotometry was applied for dye quantification. The dominant soil mineral is kaolinite, while Fe homogeneous distribution is witnessed in the γ-FeO(OH) form. Soil/Fenton reagent achieved substantial 93% dye removal. An optimal oxidant concentration in the Fenton system is 10 mM. We confirm the excellent performance of pristine red soil samples as naturally occurring adsorbents and catalysts in Fenton oxidation of environmental pollutants