Remodelling of microRNAs in colorectal cancer by hypoxia alters metabolism profiles and 5-fluorouracil resistance

AN, HT and AP are Constance Travis post-graduate fellows. NS is a Barts and The London post-doctoral fellow. SMD is a Bowel & Cancer Research post-doctoral fellow. TS is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for scientific research on Innovative Areas, Japan (No. 22134007 to T.S.), and the Yamagata Prefectural Government and City of Tsuruoka

General anaesthetic and airway management practice for obstetric surgery in England: a prospective, multi-centre observational study

There are no current descriptions of general anaesthesia characteristics for obstetric surgery, despite recent changes to patient baseline characteristics and airway management guidelines. This analysis of data from the direct reporting of awareness in maternity patients' (DREAMY) study of accidental awareness during obstetric anaesthesia aimed to describe practice for obstetric general anaesthesia in England and compare with earlier surveys and best-practice recommendations. Consenting patients who received general anaesthesia for obstetric surgery in 72 hospitals from May 2017 to August 2018 were included. Baseline characteristics, airway management, anaesthetic techniques and major complications were collected. Descriptive analysis, binary logistic regression modelling and comparisons with earlier data were conducted. Data were collected from 3117 procedures, including 2554 (81.9%) caesarean deliveries. Thiopental was the induction drug in 1649 (52.9%) patients, compared with propofol in 1419 (45.5%). Suxamethonium was the neuromuscular blocking drug for tracheal intubation in 2631 (86.1%), compared with rocuronium in 367 (11.8%). Difficult tracheal intubation was reported in 1 in 19 (95%CI 1 in 16-22) and failed intubation in 1 in 312 (95%CI 1 in 169-667). Obese patients were over-represented compared with national baselines and associated with difficult, but not failed intubation. There was more evidence of change in practice for induction drugs (increased use of propofol) than neuromuscular blocking drugs (suxamethonium remains the most popular). There was evidence of improvement in practice, with increased monitoring and reversal of neuromuscular blockade (although this remains suboptimal). Despite a high risk of difficult intubation in this population, videolaryngoscopy was rarely used (1.9%)

SURFACE HARDENING OF TUNGSTEN-BASED HEAVY ALLOY VIA PACK BORONIZING

The boronizing of a tungsten heavy alloy containing Ni and Fe as the major alloying elements were performed in the present study to increase its surface hardening. Pack cementation method was employed as a well-known, successful solid-state process for boronizing. The coating treatment was accomplished at different temperatures of 1000, 1050 and 1100°C for 6 and 9 hours. The formation of tungsten boride phase was confirmed, although a silicide layer covered the surface of the specimen as the outer layer. The mechanism of the formation of a multilayered surface was explained. The maximum thickness of reaction zone and surface hardness achieved in the current work were 300 µm and 2470 HV, respectively

Effects of daily versus weekly iron therapy in infants between 6-24 months for iron deficiency anemia

Background and aimIron deficiency anemia is one of the main nutritional problems at different age groups particularly pregnant women and young children worldwide. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of daily with weekly iron therapy in infants between 6-24 months with iron deficiency anemia in the South of Tehran.  Materials and methods In this clinical trial study, 160 anemic infants diagnosed by hemoglobin test were randomly selected and divided into 2 equal control and experimental groups. The control group was given 5ml ferrous sulfate syrup daily containing 40mg ferrous sulfate but, in the experimental group, iron was given in the same amount once a week on Friday mornings. Hemoglobin was measured at the beginning of the intervention, after 3 months and immediately after the therapy (6 months). A questionnaire, physical examination, home visit and laboratory tests were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11/5. Findings Both methods were effective on increasing hemoglobin level with no significant difference. Drug compliance in weekly method (77%) was significantly better than daily protocol (49%) for mothers. ConclusionWeekly administration of iron compared with daily consumption seems superior due to similar effects, better compliance of mothers and lower costs for the treatment of anemia in infants between 6 and 24 months. Keywords: Anemia, Iron deficiency, Infants, Nutrition, Ferritin, Iron supplement. *Corresponding Author: Zahra Kargarnovin, Dept. of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran. Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]