1,414 research outputs found
Imaging the passionate stage of romantic love by dopamine dynamics.
Using [(11)C]raclopride, a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist, we undertook a positron emission tomography (PET) study to investigate the involvement of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system when subjects viewed the pictures of partners to whom they were romantically attached. Ten subjects viewed pictures of their romantic partners and, as a control, of friends of the same sex for whom they had neutral feelings during the PET study. We administered [(11)C]raclopride to subjects using a timing for injecting the antagonist which had been determined in previous studies to be optimal for detecting increases in the amount of dopamine released by stimulation. The results demonstrated statistically significant activation of the dopaminergic system in two regions, the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and medial prefrontal cortex, the former of which has been strongly implicated in a variety of rewarding experiences, including that of beauty and love. A positive correlation was obtained in mOFC between excitement levels and dopaminergic activation only in the love but not in the control condition
ALMA Fragmented Source Catalog in Orion (FraSCO). I. Outflow interaction within an embedded cluster in OMC-2/FIR 3, FIR 4, and FIR 5
Funding: This work was supported by NAOJ ALMA Scientific Research grant No. 2022-22B. The present study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grants (JP17H06360, JP17K05387, JP17KK0096, JP21H00046, JP21K03617: MNM, 20K04034: SI). L.A.Z. acknowledges financial support from CONACyT-280775 and UNAM-PAPIIT IN110618 grants, México. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 851435).We present a high-angular resolution (∼1″) and wide-field ( 2.′9×1.′9 ) image of the 1.3 mm continuum, CO(J = 2–1) and SiO(J = 5–4) line emissions toward an embedded protocluster, FIR 3, FIR 4, and FIR 5, in the Orion Molecular Cloud 2 obtained from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We identify 51 continuum sources, 36 of which are newly identified in this study. Their dust masses, projected sizes, and H2 gas number densities are estimated to be 3.8 × 10−5–1.1 × 10−2 M⊙, 290–2000 au, and 6.4 × 106–3.3 × 108 cm−3, respectively. The results of a Jeans analysis show that ∼80% of the protostellar sources and ∼15% of the prestellar sources are gravitationally bound. We identify 12 molecular outflows traced in the CO(J = 2–1) emission, six of which are newly detected. We spatially resolve shocked gas structures traced by the SiO(J = 5–4) emission in this region for the first time. We identify shocked gas originating from outflows and other shocked regions. These results provide direct evidence of an interaction between dust condensation, FIR 4, and an energetic outflow driven by HOPS-370 located within FIR 3. A comparison of the outflow dynamical timescales, fragmentation timescales, and protostellar ages shows that the previously proposed triggered star formation scenario in FIR 4 is not strongly supported. We also discuss the spatial distribution of filaments identified in our continuum image by comparing it with a previously identified hub-fiber system in the N2H+ line.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
ALMA Fragmented Source Catalogue in Orion (FraSCO) I. Outflow interaction within an embedded cluster in OMC-2/FIR3, FIR4, and FIR5
We present a high angular resolution () and wide-field () image of the 1.3-mm continuum, CO( = 2--1) line, and SiO( = 5--4)
line emissions toward an embedded protocluster, FIR3, FIR4, and FIR5, in the
Orion Molecular Cloud 2 obtained from the Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We identify 51 continuum sources, 36 of
which are newly identified in this study. Their dust masses, projected sizes,
and gas number densities are estimated to be --, 290--2000 au, and --, respectively. The
results of a Jeans analysis show that of the protostellar sources
and of the prestellar sources are gravitationally bound. We
identify 12 molecular outflows traced in the CO( = 2--1) emission, six of
which are newly detected. We spatially resolve shocked gas structures traced by
the SiO( = 5--4) emission in this region for the first time. We identify
shocked gas originating from outflows and other shocked regions. These results
provide direct evidence of an interaction between a dust condensation, FIR4,
and an energetic outflow driven by HOPS-370 located within FIR3. A comparison
of the outflow dynamical timescales, fragmentation timescales, and protostellar
ages shows that the previously proposed triggered star-formation scenario in
FIR4 is not strongly supported. We also discuss the spatial distribution of
filaments identified in our continuum image by comparing it with a previously
identified hub-fiber system in the line.Comment: 45 pages, 24 figures, 2 figure sets, 2 animations, Accepted for
publication in Ap
ALMA Fragmented Source Catalog in Orion (FraSCO). I. Outflow Interaction within an Embedded Cluster in OMC-2/FIR 3, FIR 4, and FIR 5
We present a high-angular resolution (∼1'') and wide-field () image of the 1.3 mm continuum, CO(J = 2–1) and SiO(J = 5–4) line emissions toward an embedded protocluster, FIR 3, FIR 4, and FIR 5, in the Orion Molecular Cloud 2 obtained from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We identify 51 continuum sources, 36 of which are newly identified in this study. Their dust masses, projected sizes, and H2 gas number densities are estimated to be 3.8 × 10−5–1.1 × 10−2 M⊙, 290–2000 au, and 6.4 × 106–3.3 × 108 cm−3, respectively. The results of a Jeans analysis show that ∼80% of the protostellar sources and ∼15% of the prestellar sources are gravitationally bound. We identify 12 molecular outflows traced in the CO(J = 2–1) emission, six of which are newly detected. We spatially resolve shocked gas structures traced by the SiO(J = 5–4) emission in this region for the first time. We identify shocked gas originating from outflows and other shocked regions. These results provide direct evidence of an interaction between dust condensation, FIR 4, and an energetic outflow driven by HOPS-370 located within FIR 3. A comparison of the outflow dynamical timescales, fragmentation timescales, and protostellar ages shows that the previously proposed triggered star formation scenario in FIR 4 is not strongly supported. We also discuss the spatial distribution of filaments identified in our continuum image by comparing it with a previously identified hub-fiber system in the N2H+ line
Analysis of Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering in Stripe-Ordered Nickelate
We analyze theoretically the resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at
the Ni K edge in the stripe-ordered state of La_{2-x}Sr_xNiO_4 at x=1/3. In the
calculation of RIXS spectra, the stripe-ordered ground state is described
within the Hartree-Fock approximation by using a realistic tight-binding model
for Ni3d\gamma and O2p_{x, y} orbitals, and the electron correlations in the
electronic excitation processes are taken into account within the random-phase
approximation. The calculated RIXS spectrum shows a tail toward the low-energy
region when the momentum transfer of photons equals the stripe vector Q, being
consistent with a recent experimental result. The origin of this anomalous
momentum dependence of RIXS spectra is discussed microscopically.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures. Published version in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
QTL analysis of measures of mouse home-cage activity using B6/MSM consomic strains
The activity of mice in their home cage is influenced greatly by the cycle of light and dark. In addition, home-cage activity shows remarkable time-dependent changes that result in a prominent temporal pattern. The wild-derived mouse strain MSM/Ms (MSM) exhibits higher total activity in the home cage than does C57BL/6 (B6), a commonly used laboratory strain. In addition, there is a clear strain difference in the temporal pattern of home-cage activity. This study aimed to clarify the genetic basis of strain differences in the temporal pattern of home-cage activity between MSM and B6. Through the comparison of temporal patterns of home-cage activity between B6 and MSM, the pattern can be classified into five temporal components: (1) resting phase, (2) anticipation phase, (3) 1st phase, (4) 2nd phase, and (5) 3rd phase. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in these temporal components, we used consomic strains established from crosses between B6 and MSM. Five consomic strains, for Chrs 2T (telomere), 3, 4, 13, and 14, showed significantly higher total activity than B6. In contrast, the consomic strains of Chrs 6C (centromere), 7T, 9, 11, and 15 were less active than B6. This indicates that multigenic factors regulate the total activity. Further analysis showed an impact of QTLs on the temporal components of home-cage activity. The present data showed that each temporal component was regulated by different combinations of multigenic factors, with some overlap. These temporal component-related QTLs are important to understand fully the genetic mechanisms that underlie home-cage activity
Theory of Crystalline Electric Field and Kondo Effect in Pr Skutterudites
Possible Kondo effect in Pr skutterudite is studied with attention to
characteristic features of low-lying crystalline electric field (CEF) levels
and the conduction band. A mechanism for the small CEF splitting between a
singlet and a triplet is proposed as combination of the point-charge
interaction and hybridization of 4f with ligand p states. Provided 4f^3
configurations dominate over 4f^1 as intermediate states, p-f hybridization
favors the triplet, while point-charge interaction favors the singlet. For
realistic parameters for hybridization as well as 4f^1 and 4f^3 levels, these
singlet and triplet can form a nearly degenerate pseudo-quartet. It is found
that one of two spin 1/2 objects composing the pseudo-quartet has a
ferromagnetic exchange, while the other has an antiferromagnetic exchange with
conduction electrons. The magnitude of each effective exchange depends strongly
on a parameter characterizing the triplet wave function under the T_h symmetry.
It is argued that differences of this parameter among Pr skutterdudites are
responsible for the apparent diversity of their physical properties. Numerical
renormalization group is used to derive the renormalization flows going toward
singlet, doublet, triplet or quaret according to the CEF splitting and exchange
interactions.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Special Invited Section
(Kondo Effect) of Journal of Physical Society of Japa
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