Features of the course of manifest forms of acute hepatitis C

Aim. To identify clinical, epidemiological and laboratory-instrumental features of acute hepatitis C at the present stage according to the infectious hospital data. Methods. The study included 111 patients with acute hepatitis C aged from 18 to 79 years who were hospitalized in Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after A.F. Agafonov in 2011 - I quarter of 2017. Acute hepatitis C was diagnosed in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Results. In the study group, females aged 21 to 40 years, non-working, predominantly living in Kazan with medical transmission of infection (34 %) prevailed. The disease was mild and moderately severe (71 %). The icteric form was observed in 94 % of patients, in 3.6 % - with a cholestatic component. When comparing laboratory parameters, markers of cytolysis and cholestasis differed significantly in patients depending on the severity (p<0.001). Changes in the gallbladder walls (an ultrasound marker of cholestasis) were revealed in 21.4 % of patients. On specific examination, the viral RNA was detected in 100 % of patients. Analysis of serological markers revealed predominance of antibodies to core and NS3 proteins, M class antibodies were detected only in half of the patients. Specific antibodies were absent (“dark diagnostic window”) in 3 % of patients with mild and 6 % of moderate form of the disease. Conclusion. The feature of the course of acute viral hepatitis C was the predominance of moderate forms (71 %) with medical transmission of infection. Icteric forms of acute viral hepatitis C were diagnosed in 94 % of patients (in 3.6 % cases with the development of cholestatic component). PCR is a mandatory method of specific diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis C, and in case of a “dark diagnostic window” becomes the leading method

Эпидемиологическая характеристика папилломавирусной инфекции аногенитальной локализации в Республике Татарстан

Due to the high prevalence of anogenital warts, their significant economic and psychosocial burden, the lack of routine vaccination against papillomavirus infection, monitoring of the epidemiological situation for one of the common forms of papillomavirus infection – anogenital warts is relevant.The aim is to assess the epidemiological situation of anogenital warts in Tatarstan Republic for 2011–2020.Materials and methods. The study design is an observational descriptive epidemiological study. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of anogenital warts in Tatarstan Republic for 2011–2020 was carried out. The analysis of long-term dynamics of incidence of the population as a whole and in age and sex groups is carried out. The structure of the incidence of anogenital warts was assessed. Intensive (per 100,000) and extensive morbidity rates (%) were calculated.Results. There is a decrease in the incidence of anogenital warts in Republic Tatarstan from 123,80/0000 in 2011 to 68,80/0000 in 2020. The dynamics of the incidence of anogenital warts among the female and male population had a unidirectional character – a decrease in the incidence. A comparison of incidence levels showed that the incidence of women was higher than that of men (80,40/0000 versus 55,80/0000, respectively, in 2020). The greatest incidence of anogenital warts was observed in the 18–29 age group during the observation period. The average annual incidence of anogenital warts in women aged 18–29 was 535,60/0000, in men of the same age group – 233,00/0000.Conclusion. Despite the decrease in the incidence of anogenital warts in Tatarstan Republic as a whole and in certain age and gender groups, high levels of incidence among people aged 18-29 years remain. The data obtained from the results of a retrospective analysis of the incidence of anogenital warts indicate the need to introduce routine vaccination against HPV infection, which will prevent large treatment costs, and will have a positive impact on public health indicators.В силу высокой распространенности аногенитальных бородавок, их существенного экономического и психосоциального бремени, отсутствия плановой вакцинации против папилломавирусной инфекции представляется актуальным проведение мониторинга эпидемиологической ситуации за одной из распространенных форм папилломавирусной инфекции – аногенитальными бородавками.Цель: установить закономерности проявлений эпидемического процесса аногенитальных бородавок в Республике Татарстан за период с 2011 по 2020 г.Материалы и методы. Дизайн исследования – обсервационное описательное эпидемиологическое исследование. Проведен ретроспективный эпидемиологический анализ заболеваемости аногенитальными бородавками в Республике Татарстан за 2011–2020 гг. Проведен анализ многолетней динамики заболеваемости населения в целом и в возрастных и половых группах. Проведена оценка структуры заболеваемости аногенитальными бородавками. Рассчитаны интенсивные (на 100 000) и экстенсивные показатели заболеваемости (%).Результаты. Отмечается снижение заболеваемости аногенитальными бородавками в Республике Татарстан с 123,80/0000 в 2011 г. до 68,80/0000 в 2020 г. Динамика годовых показателей заболеваемости аногенитальными бородавками среди женского и мужского населения имела однонаправленный характер – снижение заболеваемости. При сравнении интенсивных показателей заболеваемость женщин была выше заболеваемости мужчин (80,40/0000 против 55,8 0/0000 соответственно, по данным 2020 г.). Наибольшие показатели заболеваемости аногенитальными бородавками отмечаются в группе 18–29 лет в течение всего периода наблюдения. Среднемноголетний показатель заболеваемости аногенитальными бородавками женщин 18–29 лет составил 535,60/0000, мужчин той же возрастной группы – 233,00/0000.Заключение. Несмотря на снижение заболеваемости аногенитальными бородавками, в Республике Татарстан в целом и в отдельных половозрастных группах сохраняются высокие показатели заболеваемости среди лиц 18–29 лет. Данные, полученные по результатам ретроспективного анализа заболеваемости аногенитальными бородавками, свидетельствуют о необходимости внедрения плановой вакцинации против ВПЧ-инфекции (четырехвалентной вакциной), что предотвратит не только большие затраты на лечение, но и окажет положительное влияние на показатели общественного здоровья

ACTIVITY MONITORING OF A NTIBODIES TO HIV-1 STRUCTURAL PROTEINS IN A BSENCE OF ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT AND IN THE COURSE OF THERAPY

Abstract. In HIV-infected patients, the process of antibody production to certain HIV-I structural proteins proceeds in differential manner, depending on the antigen localization. Upon progression of the disease, an increased ratio of antibodies to env surface glycoproteins is found, along with decreased percentage of antibodies to gag gene proteins