Vibration of the liner in an industrial combustion system due to an acoustic field

The subject of this paper is a numerical study of the properties of the liner of a test rig to be built in the future. The test-rig consists of a flexible tube of square crosssection surrounded by a pressure vessel, also with a square cross-section. At first instance, a two dimensional structural analytical model of the cross-section is made. The influence of the air between liner and pressure vessel and that within the liner on the vibration of the liner is studied using a coupled 2D finite element model. Furthermore the influence of the vibration of the liner on the acoustics of the setup is studied. After this the problem is extended to three dimensions and again the influence of the cavity surrounding the liner is analyzed. Both 2D and 3D results are compared. The cavities are found to substantially influence the structural behavior and therefore they cannot be neglected in predicting the behavior of the liner

Three-dimensional cell to tissue assembly process

The present invention relates a 3-dimensional cell to tissue and maintenance process, more particularly to methods of culturing cells in a culture environment, either in space or in a gravity field, with minimum fluid shear stress, freedom for 3-dimensional spatial orientation of the suspended particles and localization of particles with differing or similar sedimentation properties in a similar spatial region

Exchange Bias Effect in Au-Fe3O4 Nanocomposites

We report exchange bias (EB) effect in the Au-Fe3O4 composite nanoparticle system, where one or more Fe3O4 nanoparticles are attached to an Au seed particle forming dimer and cluster morphologies, with the clusters showing much stronger EB in comparison with the dimers. The EB effect develops due to the presence of stress in the Au-Fe3O4 interface which leads to the generation of highly disordered, anisotropic surface spins in the Fe3O4 particle. The EB effect is lost with the removal of the interfacial stress. Our atomistic Monte-Carlo studies are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. These results show a new path towards tuning EB in nanostructures, namely controllably creating interfacial stress, and open up the possibility of tuning the anisotropic properties of biocompatible nanoparticles via a controllable exchange coupling mechanism.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Nanotechnolog

Real-Time Temperature and Heat Flux Measurements for Lyophilization Process Design and Monitoring: Part 1

Lyophilization is a common method used to preserve pharmaceutical and biological products. Accurately measuring temperature during the three stages of lyophilization: freezing, primary drying, and secondary drying, is important to ensure product consistency and to reduce operating costs. Wireless temperature sensors were evaluated to determine if temperature is monitored accurately and to determine if wireless temperature sensors offer advantages over traditional temperature measurement technologies. These sensors contain three capacitors to monitor temperature as the solvent is sublimated. A Millrock Technology REVO lyophilizer was used for testing. Water and 5% w/v sucrose solution were distributed in 3 mL fill volume increments into Wheaton 6R vials. Wireless temperature sensor measurements were compared with thermocouple measurements. Differences in temperature measurements between the top, middle, and bottom capacitors in each wireless temperature sensing unit demonstrates the sublimation pattern of the solvent in the primary drying stage. These sensors allow for heat flux through the product to be computed during the primary drying phase. Our goal is to assess the limitations and benefits of using wireless temperature sensors compared to commonly used thermocouples and other process monitoring technologies for lyophilization processes as well as to determine methods to further improve the wireless temperature sensors

Vibration prediction in combustion chambers by coupling finite elements and large eddy simulations

To decrease NOx emissions from combustion systems, lean premixed combustion is used. A disadvantage is the higher sensitivity to combustion instabilities, leading to increased sound pressure levels in the combustor and resulting in an increased excitation of the surrounding structure: the liner. This causes fatigue, which limits the life time of the combustor. This paper presents a method to calculate these liner vibrations. The time-dependent pressures on the liner are calculated using large eddy simulation (LES) for both steady combustion and combustion with a pulsated fuel flow. These pressures are interpolated on a finite element grid and used in a transient analysis with a finite element model of the liner structure. The calculated vibrations agree well with experiments made on a 500kW test rig

Characteristics, primary treatment, and survival of MDS/MPN with neutrophilia:a population-based study

Myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) with neutrophilia, until recently called atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), being part of the MDS/MPN is a very rare disease with poor prognosis. Although emerging data reveal its cytogenetic and molecular profile, integrated survival and treatment data remain scarce. We analyzed a cohort of 347 adult patients diagnosed with MDS/MPN with neutrophilia, registered in the Netherlands Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2019. Our demographic baseline data align with other cohorts. We observed cytogenetic aberrations exclusively in patients aged &gt;65 years, with trisomy 8 being the most common abnormality. We identified 16 distinct molecular mutations, with some patients (16/101) harboring up to 3 different mutations; ASXL1 being the most frequent one (22%). In a multivariable Cox regression analysis, only age, hemoglobin level and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) were associated with overall survival (aged &gt;65 years; hazard ratio [HR] 1.85; P = .001 and alloHSCT HR, 0.51; P = .039). Because no other treatment modality seemed to affect survival and might cause toxicity, we propose that all patients eligible for alloHSCT should, whenever possible, receive an allogeneic transplant. It is imperative that we strive to improve outcomes for patients who are not eligible for alloHSCT. Tackling this challenge requires international collaborative efforts to conduct prospective intervention studies.</p