61 research outputs found
A Bose-Einstein Approach to the Random Partitioning of an Integer
Consider N equally-spaced points on a circle of circumference N. Choose at
random n points out of on this circle and append clockwise an arc of
integral length k to each such point. The resulting random set is made of a
random number of connected components. Questions such as the evaluation of the
probability of random covering and parking configurations, number and length of
the gaps are addressed. They are the discrete versions of similar problems
raised in the continuum. For each value of k, asymptotic results are presented
when n,N both go to infinity according to two different regimes. This model may
equivalently be viewed as a random partitioning problem of N items into n
recipients. A grand-canonical balls in boxes approach is also supplied, giving
some insight into the multiplicities of the box filling amounts or spacings.
The latter model is a k-nearest neighbor random graph with N vertices and kn
edges. We shall also briefly consider the covering problem in the context of a
random graph model with N vertices and n (out-degree 1) edges whose endpoints
are no more bound to be neighbors
Random walks pertaining to a class of deterministic weighted graphs
In this note, we try to analyze and clarify the intriguing interplay between
some counting problems related to specific thermalized weighted graphs and
random walks consistent with such graphs
Metastable wetting
Consider a droplet of liquid on top of a grooved substrate. The wetting or
not of a groove implies the crossing of a potential barrier as the interface
has to distort, to hit the bottom of the groove. We start with computing the
free energies of the dry and wet states in the context of a simple
thermodynamical model before switching to a random microscopic version
pertaining to the Solid-on-Solid (SOS) model. For some range in parameter space
(Young angle, pressure difference, aspect ratio), the dry and wet states both
share the same free energy, which means coexistence. We compute these
coexistence lines together with the metastable regions. In the SOS case, we
describe the dynamic transition between coexisting states in wetting. We show
that the expected time to switch from one state to the other grows
exponentially with the free energy barrier between the stable states and the
saddle state, proportional to the groove's width. This random time appears to
have an exponential-like distribution
Uncoupled continuous-time random walks: Solution and limiting behavior of the master equation
A detailed study is presented for a large class of uncoupled continuous-time
random walks (CTRWs). The master equation is solved for the Mittag-Leffler
survival probability. The properly scaled diffusive limit of the master
equation is taken and its relation with the fractional diffusion equation is
discussed. Finally, some common objections found in the literature are
thoroughly reviewed.Comment: Preprint version of an already published paper. 8 page
Nonextensivity and multifractality in low-dimensional dissipative systems
Power-law sensitivity to initial conditions at the edge of chaos provides a
natural relation between the scaling properties of the dynamics attractor and
its degree of nonextensivity as prescribed in the generalized statistics
recently introduced by one of us (C.T.) and characterized by the entropic index
. We show that general scaling arguments imply that , where and are the
extremes of the multifractal singularity spectrum of the attractor.
This relation is numerically checked to hold in standard one-dimensional
dissipative maps. The above result sheds light on a long-standing puzzle
concerning the relation between the entropic index and the underlying
microscopic dynamics.Comment: 12 pages, TeX, 4 ps figure
Exact Scale Invariance in Mixing of Binary Candidates in Voting Model
We introduce a voting model and discuss the scale invariance in the mixing of
candidates. The Candidates are classified into two categories
and are called as `binary' candidates. There are in total
candidates, and voters vote for them one by one. The probability that a
candidate gets a vote is proportional to the number of votes. The initial
number of votes (`seed') of a candidate is set to be . After
infinite counts of voting, the probability function of the share of votes of
the candidate obeys gamma distributions with the shape exponent
in the thermodynamic limit . Between the
cumulative functions of binary candidates, the power-law relation
with the critical exponent
holds in the region . In the double
scaling limit and with
fixed, the relation holds
exactly over the entire range . We study the data on
horse races obtained from the Japan Racing Association for the period 1986 to
2006 and confirm scale invariance.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, 2 table
Fractional Levy motion through path integrals
Fractional Levy motion (fLm) is the natural generalization of fractional
Brownian motion in the context of self-similar stochastic processes and stable
probability distributions. In this paper we give an explicit derivation of the
propagator of fLm by using path integral methods. The propagators of Brownian
motion and fractional Brownian motion are recovered as particular cases. The
fractional diffusion equation corresponding to fLm is also obtained.Comment: 9 pages, minor changes, published versio
The pregnane X receptor drives sexually dimorphic hepatic changes in lipid and xenobiotic metabolism in response to gut microbiota in mice.
The gut microbiota-intestine-liver relationship is emerging as an important factor in multiple hepatic pathologies, but the hepatic sensors and effectors of microbial signals are not well defined.
By comparing publicly available liver transcriptomics data from conventional vs. germ-free mice, we identified pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) transcriptional activity as strongly affected by the absence of gut microbes. Microbiota depletion using antibiotics in Pxr <sup>+/+</sup> vs Pxr <sup>-/-</sup> C57BL/6J littermate mice followed by hepatic transcriptomics revealed that most microbiota-sensitive genes were PXR-dependent in the liver in males, but not in females. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that microbiota-PXR interaction controlled fatty acid and xenobiotic metabolism. We confirmed that antibiotic treatment reduced liver triglyceride content and hampered xenobiotic metabolism in the liver from Pxr <sup>+/+</sup> but not Pxr <sup>-/-</sup> male mice.
These findings identify PXR as a hepatic effector of microbiota-derived signals that regulate the host's sexually dimorphic lipid and xenobiotic metabolisms in the liver. Thus, our results reveal a potential new mechanism for unexpected drug-drug or food-drug interactions. Video abstract
Investigation of NRXN1 deletions: Clinical and molecular characterization
Deletions at 2p16.3 involving exons of NRXN1 are associated with susceptibility for autism and schizophrenia, and similar deletions have been identified in individuals with developmental delay and dysmorphic features. We have identified 34 probands with exonic NRXN1 deletions following referral for clinical microarrayâbased comparative genomic hybridization. To more firmly establish the full phenotypic spectrum associated with exonic NRXN1 deletions, we report the clinical features of 27 individuals with NRXN1 deletions, who represent 23 of these 34 families. The frequency of exonic NRXN1 deletions among our postnatally diagnosed patients (0.11%) is significantly higher than the frequency among reported controls (0.02%; P â=â6.08âĂâ10 â7 ), supporting a role for these deletions in the development of abnormal phenotypes. Generally, most individuals with NRXN1 exonic deletions have developmental delay (particularly speech), abnormal behaviors, and mild dysmorphic features. In our cohort, autism spectrum disorders were diagnosed in 43% (10/23), and 16% (4/25) had epilepsy. The presence of NRXN1 deletions in normal parents and siblings suggests reduced penetrance and/or variable expressivity, which may be influenced by genetic, environmental, and/or stochastic factors. The pathogenicity of these deletions may also be affected by the location of the deletion within the gene. Counseling should appropriately represent this spectrum of possibilities when discussing recurrence risks or expectations for a child found to have a deletion in NRXN1 . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97220/1/35780_ftp.pd
- âŠ