Alpha-Fetoprotein in Malignant Pediatric Conditions

Abnormal serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are frequently observed in common disorders such as spina bifida or Down’s syndrome in the fetus and cancer in children and adults. The focus of this chapter summarizes on the role of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) as a useful biomarker in malignant pediatric tumors. The fetal yolk sac and liver generate high levels of AFP during gestation and decline over the next 12 months of infancy, and only trace amounts are detected in childhood. As a result, persistent elevation of AFP correlates with a number of select pediatric malignant conditions. Serum AFP is overexpressed in a considerable fraction of germ cell tumors (GCTs), hepatoblastoma (HB), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We provide the reader with a review of AFP as a useful specific marker for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up in select pediatric cancers

Experimental Quantum Teleportation with a 3-Bell-state Analyzer

We present a Bell-state analyzer for time-bin qubits allowing the detection of three out of four Bell-states with linear optics, two detectors and no auxiliary photons. The theoretical success rate of this scheme is 50%. A teleportation experiment was performed to demonstrate its functionality. We also present a teleportation experiment with a Fidelity larger than the cloning limit of F=5/6.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figure

Geloof in eigen kunnen: Het effect van JOBS, een groepsinterventie voor werklozen.

This study is about the JOBS training, a group training for the unemployed (Vinokur, Van Ryn, Gramlich & Price, 1991) by increasing individuals' self-efficacy. First, a theoretical comparison was made between Bandura's (1977a) four sources of self-efficacy and the components of the JOBS training. Subsequently, we tested the effect of JOBS on self-efficacy in a longitudinal study among 281 JOBS participants. JOBS indeed increased the self-efficacy at both the short and long term (after one and six months). The increase on the short term was stronger among women. The increase in self-efficacy was not related to the actual job finding, but the absolute level of self-efficacy was

Quantum Teleportation with a 3-Bell-state Analyzer

We present a novel Bell-state analyzer for time-bin qubits allowing the detection of three out of four Bell-states with linear optics, only two detectors and no auxiliary photons. The theoretical success rate of this scheme is 50%. A teleportation experiment was performed to demonstrate its functionality. We also present a teleportation experiment with a fidelity larger than the cloning limit.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure

Long distance entanglement swapping with photons from separated sources

We report the first experimental realization of entanglement swapping over large distances in optical fibers. Two photons separated by more than two km of optical fibers are entangled, although they never directly interacted. We use two pairs of time-bin entangled qubits created in spatially separated sources and carried by photons at telecommunication wavelengths. A partial Bell state measurement is performed with one photon from each pair which projects the two remaining photons, formerly independent onto an entangled state. A visibility high enough to violate a Bell inequality is reported, after both photons have each travelled through 1.1 km of optical fiber.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitte

Quantum teleportation over the Swisscom telecommunication network

We present a quantum teleportation experiment in the quantum relay configuration using the installed telecommunication network of Swisscom. In this experiment, the Bell state measurement occurs well after the entanglement has been distributed, at a point where the photon upon which data is teleported is already far away, and the entangled qubits are photons created from a different crystal and laser pulse than the teleported qubit. A raw fidelity of 0.93+/-0.04 has been achieved using a heralded single-photon source.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, updated references on May 3rd. To be published in Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Feature issue "Optical Quantum-Information Science", February 200