Antimicrobial resistance in non-pathogenic E. coli isolated from slaughter pigs

An increasing antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of animal origin is recognised as a public health threat. Resistant pathogens directly affect infected host and can lead to therapeutic failures whereas commensal flora may serve as a reservoir and vector of resistance genes in a populatton. The incidence of resistant non-pathogenic bacteria may also indirectly indicate the intense of antimicrobial use in animal husbandry. A five-year resistance monitoring project covering an indicator E. coli was run at the National Veterinary Research Institute since autumn 2003. The study was designed to collect yearly up to 1000 samples from healthy bovine animals, pigs, broilers, turkeys and geese at slaughter. Standard isolation and identification procedures were applied for E. coli detection in bovine and swine rectal swabs and poultry caecum contents referred to the laboratory

Characterisation of Salmonella choleraesuis by PFGE and ribotypig

Salmonella (S.) Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf is the major cause of swine salmonellosis in Poland. Eleven XbaI macrorestriction profiles and 3 ribotypes were noted amongst 36 isolates tested. Index of discrimination reached 0.88. Two clonal lineages were distinguished. One of the lines embraced the majority of 2000-2002 isolates showing over 80% genome similarity. The findings prove the clonal spread of the pathogen among swineherds in Poland

Wild boars as a source of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli

To reveal wild boars as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance 332 faecal samples were collected from individual wild boars shot during 42 hunts within two seasons (2012/13 and 2013/14) in 34 regional forests scattered over the whole territory of Poland

Salmonella contamination of pig farm environment, Poland, 2014

Although pork is considered an important source of Salmonella infections, the introduction of control programs in pig farms are not obligatory in the EU. To resolve current epidemiological situation, monitoring of pig farms was introduced in Poland in 2014. The paper reports the first year outputs of the survey

Degenerative inter-vertebral disc disease osteochondrosis intervertebralis in Europe: prevalence, geographic variation and radiological correlates in men and women aged 50 and over.

Objectives.: To assess the prevalences across Europe of radiological indices of degenerative inter-vertebral disc disease (DDD); and to quantify their associations with, age, sex, physical anthropometry, areal BMD (aBMD) and change in aBMD with time. Methods.: In the population-based European Prospective Osteoporosis Study, 27 age-stratified samples of men and women from across the continent aged 50+ years had standardized lateral radiographs of the lumbar and thoracic spine to evaluate the severity of DDD, using the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale. Measurements of anterior, mid-body and posterior vertebral heights on all assessed vertebrae from T4 to L4 were used to generate indices of end-plate curvature. Results.: Images from 10 132 participants (56% female, mean age 63.9 years) passed quality checks. Overall, 47% of men and women had DDD grade 3 or more in the lumbar spine and 36% in both thoracic and lumbar spine. Risk ratios for DDD grades 3 and 4, adjusted for age and anthropometric determinants, varied across a three-fold range between centres, yet prevalences were highly correlated in men and women. DDD was associated with flattened, non-ovoid inter-vertebral disc spaces. KL grade 4 and loss of inter-vertebral disc space were associated with higher spine aBMD. Conclusion.: KL grades 3 and 4 are often used clinically to categorize radiological DDD. Highly variable European prevalences of radiologically defined DDD grades 3+ along with the large effects of age may have growing and geographically unequal health and economic impacts as the population ages. These data encourage further studies of potential genetic and environmental causes

Antimicrobial resistance in non-pathogenic E. coli isolated from slaughter pigs

An increasing antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of animal origin is recognised as a public health threat. Resistant pathogens directly affect infected host and can lead to therapeutic failures whereas commensal flora may serve as a reservoir and vector of resistance genes in a populatton. The incidence of resistant non-pathogenic bacteria may also indirectly indicate the intense of antimicrobial use in animal husbandry. A five-year resistance monitoring project covering an indicator E. coli was run at the National Veterinary Research Institute since autumn 2003. The study was designed to collect yearly up to 1000 samples from healthy bovine animals, pigs, broilers, turkeys and geese at slaughter. Standard isolation and identification procedures were applied for E. coli detection in bovine and swine rectal swabs and poultry caecum contents referred to the laboratory.</p

Trends in antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from pigs at slaughter

Countrywide, harmonized microbiological resistance monitoring of indicator Escherichia coli isolated from healthy pigs at slaughter wasrun in 2009 and 2010. Resistance to each of the 13 tested antimicrobials was found, reaching a maximum value of 40%in the case of streptomycin and tetracycline. Cephalosporin resistance was sparse andless than 10% of strains possessed quinolone resistance. Numerous resistance profiles comprised up to 11 compounds from 7 antimicrobial classes. Year-to-year trendsin resistance were not significant, with the exception of the decrease of the number of non-resistant strains (P≤0,05). The most frequent resistances correlate with the consumption of antimicrobials used for swine treatment. The results justified the need for continuous resistance monitoring followed by study on genetic background of the resistance. The attention is also drawn to the public health impact including possible therapeutic failures with drugs critically important for human medicine.</p