2,108 research outputs found
Towards the 3D-Imaging of Sources
Geometric details of a nuclear reaction zone, at the time of particle
emission, can be restored from low relative-velocity particle-correlations,
following imaging. Some of the source details get erased and are a potential
cause of problems in the imaging, in the form of instabilities. These can be
coped with by following the method of discretized optimization for the restored
sources. So far it has been possible to produce 1-dimensional emission source
images, corresponding to the reactions averaged over all possible spatial
directions. Currently, efforts are in progress to restore angular details.Comment: Talk given at the Int. Workshop on Hot and Dense Matter in
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions, March 24-27, 2004, Budapest; 10 pages, 6
figure
AC Hopping Magnetotransport Across the Spin Flop Transition in Lightly Doped La_2CuO_4
The weak ferromagnetism present in insulating La_{2}CuO_4 at low doping leads
to a spin flop transition, and to transverse (interplane) hopping of holes in a
strong external magnetic field. This results in a dimensional crossover 2D
3D for the in-plane transport, which in turn leads to an increase of the
hole's localization length and increased conduction. We demonstrate
theoretically that as a consequence of this mechanism, a frequency-dependent
jump of the in-plane ac hopping conductivity occurs at the spin flop
transition. We predict the value and the frequency dependence of the jump.
Experimental studies of this effect would provide important confirmation of the
emerging understanding of lightly doped insulating La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Recommended from our members
Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation in anxiety disorders: Subgroup analysis of the randomized, active- and placebo-controlled EAGLES trial.
BackgroundSmoking rates are high in adults with anxiety disorders (ADs), yet little is known about the safety and efficacy of smoking-cessation pharmacotherapies in this group.MethodsPost hoc analyses in 712 smokers with AD (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], n = 192; generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], n = 243; panic disorder [PD], n = 277) and in a nonpsychiatric cohort (NPC; n = 4,028). Participants were randomly assigned to varenicline, bupropion, nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT), or placebo plus weekly smoking-cessation counseling for 12 weeks, with 12 weeks follow-up. General linear models were used to test the effects of treatment group, cohort, and their interaction on neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPSAEs), and continuous abstinence weeks 9-12 (treatment) and 9-24 (follow-up).ResultsNPSAE incidence for PTSD (6.9%), GAD (5.4%), and PD (6.2%) was higher versus NPC (2.1%), regardless of treatment. Across all treatments, smokers with PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.58), GAD (OR = 0.72), and PD (OR = 0.53) had lower continuous abstinence rates weeks 9-12 (CAR9-12) versus NPC. Varenicline demonstrated superior efficacy to placebo in smokers with GAD and PD, respectively (OR = 4.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20-17.10; and OR = 8.49; 95% CI = 1.57-45.78); NRT was superior to placebo in smokers with PD (OR = 7.42; 95% CI = 1.37-40.35). While there was no statistically significant effect of any treatment on CAR9-12 for smokers with PTSD, varenicline improved 7-day point prevalence abstinence at end of treatment in this subcohort.ConclusionIndividuals with ADs were more likely than those without psychiatric illness to experience moderate to severe NPSAEs during smoking-cessation attempts, regardless of treatment. While the study was not powered to evaluate abstinence outcomes with these subgroups of smokers with ADs, varenicline provided significant benefit for cessation in those with GAD and PD, while NRT provided significant benefit for those with PD
Microscopic theories for cubic and tetrahedral superconductors: application to PrOs_4Sb_{12}
We examine weak-coupling theory for unconventional superconducting states of
cubic or tetrahedral symmetry for arbitrary order parameters and Fermi surfaces
and identify the stable states in zero applied field. We further examine the
possibility of having multiple superconducting transitions arising from the
weak breaking of a higher symmetry group to cubic or tetrahedral symmetry.
Specifically, we consider two higher symmetry groups. The first is a weak
crystal field theory in which the spin-singlet Cooper pairs have an approximate
spherical symmetry. The second is a weak spin orbit coupling theory for which
spin-triplet Cooper pairs have a cubic orbital symmetry and an approximate
spherical spin rotational symmetry. In hexagonal UPt_3, these theories easily
give rise to multiple transitions. However, we find that for cubic materials,
there is only one case in which two superconducting transitions occur within
weak coupling theory. This sequence of transitions does not agree with the
observed properties of PrOs_4Sb_{12}. Consequently, we find that to explain two
transitions in PrOs_4Sb_{12} using approximate higher symmetry groups requires
a strong coupling theory. In view of this, we finally consider a weak coupling
theory for which two singlet representations have accidentally nearly
degenerate transition temperatures (not due to any approximate symmetries). We
provide an example of such a theory that agrees with the observed properties of
PrOs_4Sb_{12}.Comment: 11 pages,1 figur
Half-skyrmion picture of single hole doped CuO_2 plane
Based on the Zhang-Rice singlet picture, it is argued that the half-skyrmion
is created by the doped hole in the single hole doped high-T_c cuprates with
N'eel ordering. The spin configuration around the Zhang-Rice singlet, which has
the form of superposition of the two different d-orbital hole spin states, is
studied within the non-linear \sigma model and the CP^1 model. The spin
configurations associated with each hole spin state are obtained, and we find
that the superposition of these spin configuration turns out to be the
half-skyrmion that is characterized by a half of the topological charge. The
excitation spectrum of the half-skyrmion is obtained by making use of Lorentz
invariance of the effective theory and is qualitatively in good agreement with
angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy on the parent compunds. Estimated
values of the parameters contained in the excitation spectrum are in good
agreement with experimentally obtained values. The half-skyrmion theory
suggests a picture for the difference between the hole doped compounds and the
electron doped compounds.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
- …