Large-scale structure of a nation-wide production network

Production in an economy is a set of firms' activities as suppliers and customers; a firm buys goods from other firms, puts value added and sells products to others in a giant network of production. Empirical study is lacking despite the fact that the structure of the production network is important to understand and make models for many aspects of dynamics in economy. We study a nation-wide production network comprising a million firms and millions of supplier-customer links by using recent statistical methods developed in physics. We show in the empirical analysis scale-free degree distribution, disassortativity, correlation of degree to firm-size, and community structure having sectoral and regional modules. Since suppliers usually provide credit to their customers, who supply it to theirs in turn, each link is actually a creditor-debtor relationship. We also study chains of failures or bankruptcies that take place along those links in the network, and corresponding avalanche-size distribution.Comment: 17 pages with 8 figures; revised section VI and references adde

Zustandsregler in Gebäudeleitsystemen

Das hier vorgestellte Verfahren berechnet aus der in einem Raum gemessenen Lufttemperatur mit Hilfe eines Beobachters die Wandtemperaturen. Mit Klimaanlagen die Wandtemperaturen zu regeln, ist deshalb vorteilhaft, weil über 90% der Wärmeenergie in den Wänden gespeichert ist

Artefakttolerante Regelungen für die Anästhesie

peer reviewe

Artifact-tolerant controllers for automatic drug delivery in anesthesia

This article presents a method for treating measurement artifacts in model-based control systems. A nonlinear modification to the usual observer structure is introduced to prevent the measurement artifacts from winding up the controller states. It is shown how stability of the closed loop system can he analyzed and an example of a successful application in a clinical study is provided

Adaptive lambda-tracking in anesthesia

peer reviewedWe present an adaptive controller for tracking reference signals of end-tidal concentration of anesthetic gas for automatic control in anesthesia. The adaptation scheme does not use any identification mechanism. Since only structural information on the system to be controlled is needed for the controller design, the controller is very robust to changes in the parameters of the syste

Parametrization of linear controller for bumpless switching in multi-controller schemes

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe