К вопросу о международном экологическом сотрудничестве в Арктике

Разработка природных ресурсов Арктики меняет глобальную геополитику. Растущее соперничество государств выдвигают проблемы Арктики в разряд серьезных глобальных противоречий текущего века. Перед Россией стоит задача упрочения своего суверенитета в арктическом регионе. В этой связи особый интерес для России представляет опыт по взаимодействию со странами Арктического региона в целях ее экологической защиты. The development of natural resources in the Arctic is changing global geopolitics. The growing rivalry between states put forward the problems of the Arctic into the category of major global conflicts this century. Russia faces the challenge of strengthening its sovereignty in the Arctic region. In this regard, of particular interest to Russia is the experience in the interaction with the countries of the Arctic region with a view to environmental protection

Исследование кинетики процессов пиролиза и газификации углей

Объектами исследования являются каменные и бурые угли и антрацит Кузнецкого и Канско-Ачинского месторождений. Цель работы – исследование кинетики процессов пиролиза и газификации и определение энергии активации исследуемых углей. В процессе исследования проводились измерения плотности и термогравиметрический анализ исследуемых углей, классификация моделей и расчет энергии активации, а также кинетических параметров углей, построение ТГ-кривых и зависимостей энергии активации от степени конверсии, сравнительный анализ результатов расчета.The objects of study are bituminous coal, lignite and anthracite from Kuznetsk and Kansk-Achinsk deposits. Objective - study of the kinetics of pyrolysis and gasification processes and the definition of the activation energy of the investigated coals. During the study we measured density and thermal gravimetric analysis, classifyed models and calculating the activation energy and the kinetic parameters of the coals, the construction of the TG curves and activation energy dependency on the degree of conversion, comparative analysis of the results of calculation

Incisional hernia after upper abdominal surgery: A randomised controlled trial of midline versus transverse incision

Objectives: To determine whether a transverse incision is an alternative to a midline incision in terms of incisional hern

Neurovasculature of high and low tie ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery

PURPOSE: Controversy exists as to whether a high or low tie ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) is the preferred technique in surgeries of the left colon and rectum. This study aims to contribute to the discussion as to which is the more beneficial technique by investigating the neurovasculature at each site. METHODS: Ten embalmed cadaveric donors underwent division of the inferior mesenteric artery at the level of the low tie. The artery was subsequently ligated at the root to render a section of tissue for histological analysis of the proximal (high tie), mid and distal (low tie) segments. RESULTS: Ganglia observed in the proximal end of seven specimens in the sample imply that there would be disruption to the innervation in a high tie procedure. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a high tie should be avoided if the low tie is oncologically viable

A randomised, multi-centre, prospective, double blind pilot-study to evaluate safety and efficacy of the non-absorbable Optilene® Mesh Elastic versus the partly absorbable Ultrapro® Mesh for incisional hernia repair

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Randomised controlled trials with a long term follow-up (3 to 10 years) have demonstrated that mesh repair is superior to suture closure of incisional hernia with lower recurrence rates (5 to 20% versus 20 to 63%). Yet, the ideal size and material of the mesh are not defined. So far, there are few prospective studies that evaluate the influence of the mesh texture on patient's satisfaction, recurrence and complication rate. The aim of this study is to evaluate, if a non-absorbable mesh (Optilene^®Mesh Elastic) will result in better health outcomes compared to a partly absorbable mesh (Ultrapro^®Mesh).</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>In this prospective, randomised, double blind study, eighty patients with incisional hernia after a midline laparotomy will be included. Primary objective of this study is to investigate differences in the physical functioning score from the SF-36 questionnaire 21 days after mesh insertion. Secondary objectives include the evaluation of the patients' daily activity, pain, wound complication and other surgical complications (hematomas, seromas), and safety within six months after intervention.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This study investigates mainly from the patient perspective differences between meshes for treatment of incisional hernias. Whether partly absorbable meshes improve quality of life better than non-absorbable meshes is unclear and therefore, this trial will generate further evidence for a better treatment of patients.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>NCT00646334</p

Body mass index and outcome in renal transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Whether overweight or obese end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are suitable for renal transplantation (RT) is often debated. The objective of this review and meta-analysis was to systematically investigate the outcome of low versus high BMI recipients after RT. METHODS: Comprehensive searches were conducted in MEDLINE OvidSP, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, and CENTRAL (the Cochrane Library 2014, issue 8). We reviewed four major guidelines that are available regarding (potential) RT recipients. The methodology was in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and written based on the PRISMA statement. The quality assessment of studies was performed by using the GRADE tool. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. Random-effects models were used. RESULTS: After identifying 5,526 studies addressing this topic, 56 studies were included. We extracted data for 37 outcome measures (including data of more than 209,000 RT recipients), of which 26 could be meta-analysed. The following outcome measures demonstrated significant differences in favour of low BMI (<30) recipients: mortality (RR = 1.52), delayed graft function (RR = 1.52), acute rejection (RR = 1.17), 1-, 2-, and 3-year graft survival (RR = 0.97, 0.95, and 0.97), 1-, 2-, and 3-year patient survival (RR = 0.99, 0.99, and 0.99), wound infection and dehiscence (RR = 3.13 and 4.85), NODAT (RR = 2.24), length of hospital stay (2.31 days), operation duration (0.77 hours), hypertension (RR = 1.35), and incisional hernia (RR = 2.72). However, patient survival expressed in hazard ratios was in significant favour of high BMI recipients. Differences in other outcome parameters were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Several of the pooled outcome measurements show significant benefits for ‘low’ BMI (<30) recipients. Therefore, we postulate that ESRD patients with a BMI >30 preferably should lose weight prior to RT. If this cannot be achieved with common measures, in morbidly obese RT candidates, bariatric surgery could be considered. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0340-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users