Drivers of dietary behaviours in women living in urban Africa: a systematic mapping review

ObjectiveTo (i) systematically review the literature to determine the factors influencing diet and dietary behaviour in women living in urban Africa; (ii) present these in a visual map; and (iii) utilize this to identify potentially important areas for future research.DesignSystematic mapping review. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; registration number CRD42015017749). Six databases were systematically searched, followed by reference and citation searching. Eligibility criteria included women aged 18–70 years living in urban Africa, any design/methodology, exploring any driver, using any measure of dietary behaviour. Quality appraisal occurred parallel with data extraction. Twelve predominantly cross-sectional quantitative studies were included; reported in seventeen publications. Determinants were synthesized narratively and compiled into a map adapted from an existing ecological model based on research in high-income countries.SettingUrban Africa.SubjectsAfrican women aged 18–70 years.ResultsDeterminants significantly associated with unhealthy dietary behaviour ranged from the individual to macro level, comprising negative body image perception, perceptions of insufficient food quantity and poorer quality, poorer food knowledge, skipping meals, snacking less, higher alcohol consumption, unhealthy overall lifestyle, older age, higher socio-economic status, having an education, lower household food expenditure, frequent eating outside the home and media influence. Marital status and strong cultural and religious beliefs were also identified as possible determinants.ConclusionsFew studies have investigated drivers of dietary behaviours in urban African settings. Predominantly individual-level factors were reported. Gaps in the literature identified a need for research into the neglected areas: social, physical and macro-level drivers of food choice.</div

Prospectus, September 23, 1981

CANDIDATES VOICE THEIR VIEWS; News In Brief; Parkland P adds to landscape; Editors voice opinions; Homeowners can save; WPCD to broadcast football; Football plan goes into effect; New club formed at Parkland; U of I to study special lottery; Scholarships offered to women; Free seminar offered; Vietnam vets made more; Students may still sign up for insurance; Neil Simon\u27s hit musical showing soon; PC offers 3-hour telecourse; Create your own decorations; Classifieds; Beware of Matt\u27s addiction ; McNichol, Hamill star in Georgia ; Two top bands to perform at ISU; C-U Symphony kicks off season Saturday; Assembly Hall offers ticket deals; LRC helps students and faculty; Area\u27s next cash crop?: Some farmers try sunflowers; Mark predicts election results; Drug from sea may hold new hope for cancer and herpes; Newhart to visit C-U area; Speech team needs help; Record shops may become obsolete; VB team loses opener; ...but wins 2nd game; Parkland College Basketball Schedule -- Women 1981-82; Golf team wins against Danville; Sports Notes; Cross Country team off to running start; Airsho offers good timehttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1981/1012/thumbnail.jp

Maroon Archaeology Beyond the Americas: A View From Kenya

Archaeological research on Maroons—that is, runaway slaves—has been largely confined to the Americas. This essay advocates a more global approach. It specifically uses two runaway slave communities in 19th-century coastal Kenya to rethink prominent interpretive themes in the field, including “Africanisms,” Maroons’ connections to indigenous groups, and Maroon group cohesion and identity. This article’s analysis demonstrates that the comparisons enabled by a more globalized perspective benefit the field. Instead of eliding historical and cultural context, these comparisons support the development of more localized and historically specific understandings of individual runaway slave communities both in Kenya and throughout the New World

Bail and the presumption of innocence : a comparative legal study

Every person arrested for allegedly having committed a crime, has a constitutional right to be released on bail if the interests of justice permit and subject to reasonable conditions. Every accused has a constitutional right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty. The focus of the research is on the consideration of bail be granted to an accused, charged with offences, falling within the ambit of the various schedules of the Criminal Procedure Act, and the effect thereof on the presumption of innocence and an accused’s constitutional rights, with a critical comparison to the Canadian law and its Constitution. The research investigates the origin and historical background of bail with specific comparison to our current South African bail legislation. The evidentiary rules in bail applications are explored and discussed. The reverse onus in schedule 5 and 6 bail applications and the effect on the presumption of innocence is meticulously assessed and analysed. The discussion of bail pending appeal, after leave to appeal having been granted against conviction, explores the reality of the restoration of the presumption of innocence, post-conviction. The conclusions reached in this research indicate that the Canadian bail legislation is more liberal and sensitive to the rights of an accused and, as such, the South African legislation should align itself with the Canadian legislation. The final recommendations propose particular amendments to the current legislation, which will address the criticisms identified in the research.Criminal and Procedural LawLL. M. (Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure

NSW tsunami risk – an overview of the NSW risk assessment scoping study

The NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change and the State Emergency Service with support from Geoscience Australia and the Bureau of Meteorology have recently managed a tsunami risk assessment scoping study for the NSW coastline. The study comprised the following components: • Identification of tsunami sources, including an assessment of their relative tsunamigenicity; • Summary of NSW tsunami history, including paleotsunami studies; • Estimation of travel times for each credible tsunami source; • Estimation of maximum nearshore wave heights along the entire NSW coast for regional and distant tsunami sources; • Assessment of the influence of typical coastal configurations on tsunami runup; • Broad based assessment of coastal vulnerability; Funding for the study was successfully obtained through the Natural Disaster Mitigation Program. Individual sections of the project were performed by Risk Frontiers, University of Queensland, Manly Hydraulics Laboratory and URS Corporation. The outcomes of the study which are discussed in this paper provide a general assessment of tsunami risk and provide information for the prioritisation of communities for future detailed tsunami inundation modelling.11 page(s