3′-(4-Chloro­benzo­yl)-1′-methyl-4′-[5-(2-thien­yl)-2-thien­yl]spiro­[acenaphthyl­ene-1,2′-pyrrolidin]-2(1H)-one

In the title compound, C31H22ClNO2S2, the five-membered pyrrolidine ring, which exhibits an envelope conformation, makes a dihedral angle of 87.4 (2)° with the acenaphthyl­ene ring system. The crystal structure is stabilized by π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.869 (2) Å]. A C atom and the S atom of the thiophene ring are disordered over two positions with refined occupancies of 0.629 (7) and 0.372 (7)

1′-Methyl-3′-(4-methyl­benzo­yl)-4′-[5-(2-thien­yl)-2-thien­yl]spiro­[acenaphthyl­ene-1,2′-pyrrolidin]-2(1H)-one

In the title compound, C32H25NO2S2, the mean plane through the five-membered pyrrolidine ring, which exhibits an envelope conformation, makes dihedral angles of 82.3 (1) and 83.9 (9)° with the benzene ring and the acenaphthyl­ene ring system, respectively. The dihedral angle between the thiophene rings is 19.0(3)°. The crystal structure shows C—H⋯π and π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.869 (2) Å]

Demonstration of base catalyzed decomposition process, Navy Public Works Center, Guam, Mariana Islands

Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) is a chemical dehalogenation process designed for treating soils and other substrate contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), pesticides, dioxins, furans, and other hazardous organic substances. PCBs are heavy organic liquids once widely used in industry as lubricants, heat transfer oils, and transformer dielectric fluids. In 1976, production was banned when PCBs were recognized as carcinogenic substances. It was estimated that significant quantities (one billion tons) of U.S. soils, including areas on U.S. military bases outside the country, were contaminated by PCB leaks and spills, and cleanup activities began. The BCD technology was developed in response to these activities. This report details the evolution of the process, from inception to deployment in Guam, and describes the process and system components provided to the Navy to meet the remediation requirements. The report is divided into several sections to cover the range of development and demonstration activities. Section 2.0 gives an overview of the project history. Section 3.0 describes the process chemistry and remediation steps involved. Section 4.0 provides a detailed description of each component and specific development activities. Section 5.0 details the testing and deployment operations and provides the results of the individual demonstration campaigns. Section 6.0 gives an economic assessment of the process. Section 7.0 presents the conclusions and recommendations form this project. The appendices contain equipment and instrument lists, equipment drawings, and detailed run and analytical data

Evaluation of permeable reactive barrier (PRB) integrity using electrical imaging methods.

The permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is a promising in-situ technology for treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater. A PRB is typically composed of granular iron which degrades chlorinated organics into potentially nontoxic dehalogenated organic compounds and inorganic chloride. Geophysical methods may assist assessment of in-situ barrier integrity and evaluation of long-term barrier performance. The highly conductive granular iron makes the PRB an excellent target for conductivity imaging methods. In addition, electrochemical storage of charge at the iron–solution interface generates an impedance that decreases with frequency. The PRB is thus a potential induced polarization (IP) target. Surface and cross-borehole electrical imaging (conductivity and IP) was conducted at a PRB installed at the U.S. Department of Energy's Kansas City plant. Poor signal strength (25% of measurements exceeding 8% reciprocal error) and insensitivity at depth, which results from current channeling in the highly conductive iron, limited surface imaging. Crosshole 2D and 3D electrical measurements were highly effective at defining an accurate, approximately 0.3-m resolution, cross-sectional image of the barrier in-situ. Both the conductivity and IP images reveal the barrier geometry. Crosshole images obtained for seven panels along the barrier suggest variability in iron emplacement along the installation. On five panels the PRB structure is imaged as a conductive feature exceeding 1 S/m. However, on two panels the conductivity in the assumed vicinity of the PRB is less than 1 S/m. The images also suggest variability in the integrity of the contact between the PRB and bedrock. This noninvasive, in-situ evaluation of barrier geometry using conductivity/IP has broad implications for the long-term monitoring of PRB performance as a method of hydrocarbon removal

Barriere Permeabili Reattive: applicazione alla bonifica di falde contaminate

Novembre-Dicembre, Ranieri Editor

Machine Learning Model for Intracranial Hemorrhage Diagnosis and Classification

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a pathological disorder that necessitates quick diagnosis and decision making. Computed tomography (CT) is a precise and highly reliable diagnosis model to detect hemorrhages. Automated detection of ICH from CT scans with a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) model is useful to detect and classify the different grades of ICH. Because of the latest advancement of deep learning (DL) models on image processing applications, several medical imaging techniques utilize it. This study develops a new densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet) with extreme learning machine (ELM)) for ICH diagnosis and classification, called DN-ELM. The presented DL-ELM model utilizes Tsallis entropy with a grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), named TEGOA, for image segmentation and DenseNet for feature extraction. Finally, an extreme learning machine (ELM) is exploited for image classification purposes. To examine the effective classification outcome of the proposed method, a wide range of experiments were performed, and the results are determined using several performance measures. The simulation results ensured that the DL-ELM model has reached a proficient diagnostic performance with the maximum accuracy of 96.34%

Quantification of the influence of soil conditions on atrazine degradation rates

Atrazine degradation rates are known to vary in dependence of a range of environmental factors. In the present study we used statistical techniques to identify the major dependencies and to quantify these relationships. It was found that atrazine degradation rates can be related to depth, organic carbon content, and redox potential. Furthermore, the effects of previous treatment, carbon amendment, and saturation were quantified. The statistical models are based upon a vast number of observations, and therefore are expected to be more reliable than existing atrazine degradation models. The two major factors in atrazine degradation were identified to be the availability of substrate and the oxidation state of the soil. The here found model for redox dependent degradation of atrazine can now be incorporated into rate expressions that are used in biogeochemical transport models where the redox-state is routinely computed

4-Ferrocenyl-1-methyl-3-benzoylspiro[pyrrolidine-2,11′-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline]

In the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C31H24N3O)], the pyrrolidine ring adopts a twist conformation. The pyrrolidine ring is almost perpendicular to the indenoquinoxaline ring system, making a dihedral angle of 84.44 (5)°. The cyclopentadienyl rings of the ferrocene moiety adopt an eclipsed conformation. The crystal packing features weak C—H...N and C—H...π interactions