Uso de Geotecnologias para avaliação da adequação ambiental referente às Áreas de Preservação Permanente e Reserva Legal no Município de Ribeirão Preto - SP.

No presente trabalho, através de técnicas de geoprocessamento, buscou-se delimitar as APPs na área rural do município de Ribeirão Preto, no nordeste do Estado de São Paulo, no ano de 2014 e verificar sua adequação segundo o Novo Código Florestal Brasileiro e identificar, através da classificação do uso e cobertura do solo, qual o passivo ambiental relativo às áreas de Reserva Legal no município

Trabalhando com dados espaciais no QGIS 2.18.4.

O QGIS é um programa computacional que, além de ser um SIG, também permite gerar bancos de dados e fazer tratamentos e análises de dados espaciais. Isso ocorre porque todo SIG permite dispor, em camadas ou planos de informação (PI), vários dados georreferenciados, os quais podem pertencer a diferentes classes (vetoriais, matriciais, alfanuméricos, etc.).bitstream/item/178570/1/4918.pd

Espacialização de indicadores socioeconômicos como subsídio ao macrozoneamento ecológico-econômico do Estado do Maranhão.

Macrozoneamentos ecológico-econômicos foram instituídos pelo governo federal e têm como finalidade identificar potencialidades e limitações de recursos naturais e da sociedade com base em um diagnóstico socioambiental e com o propósito de apoiar a formulação e execução de políticas de desenvolvimento regional . Indicadores socioeconômicos são instrumentos importantes em todas as fases do processo de formulação, implementação, monitoramento e avaliação das políticas públicas, e são elementos indispensáveis para a elaboração de macrozoneamentos ecológico-econômicos . O objetivo deste trabalho foi espacializar indicadores socioeconômicos que serão utilizados como subsídio para a elaboração do Macrozoneamento Ecológico-Econômico do Estado do Maranhão. Foram adotados, como unidade de referência territorial, os 217 municípios que compõem o estado e, como fonte de dados, a Produção Agrícola Municipal (PAM) do IBGE e o Censo Demográfico do IBGE. Foram selecionados os principais indicadores socioeconômicos, como saneamento básico, energia, água potável, saúde, educação, entre outros. O procedimento metodológico utilizado foi: definição e levantamento dos indicadores; criação e formatação das tabelas com auxílio do programa Excel; e, por fim, a utilização do software ArcGIS (ESRI), que, por meio das planilhas criadas, dos geocódigos municipais e dos shapefile disponibilizados pelo IBGE, possibilitou espacializar os dados e, assim, gerar os mapas temáticos. A espacialização dos indicadores pode contribuir para a formulação de políticas públicas em diferentes níveis de governo e, assim, para que sejam tomadas decisões mais adequadas

Expansão da cafeicultura na porção leste do estado de São Paulo.

Our aim in this work was to map the main land-use and land-cover changes at 25 cities located at the watersheds of the Mogi-Guaçu and Pardo rivers over the last 27 years. We focused on coffee and sugarcane crops at these region, known as Mogiana Paulista. We updated the sugarcane crop areas to the year 2015 using maps produced by the Canasat project. For land-use and land-cover classification of these 25 cities in 2015 we used a Google Earth image file in a GIS environment. The method we used was on-screen visual image interpretation of high-spatial-resolution images, which were later compared to data from 1988. Along the 27- year period, coffee crops expanded approximately 80%, from 67.3 thousand to 123.8 thousand hectares. The 25 cities which are the main coffee producers at Mogiana Paulista showed concentration of coffee crops, which make up a total of approximately 111 thousand hectares. Both coffee and sugarcane may still advance onto parts of these cities' areas that are currently used as pastures, which the land-cover that loses more areas. Pastures still occupy 322 thousand hectares, or about 30% of the area of these 25 cities, and 252 thousand of these hectares feature slope degrees which are adequate for the mechanized harvesting of both sugarcane and coffee

Uso de Geotecnologias na detecção de potenciais Áreas de Preservação Permanente e Reserva Legal na Região Administrativa Central do Estado de São Paulo.

Our objective in this work was to estimate, using geoprocessing techniques, the amount of permanent preservation areas (APPs) at the rural areas of the cities that are part of the Central Administrative Region of the State of São Paulo in the year 2016, to verify its adequacy to the New Brazilian Forest Code and to estimate, by means of land use and cover classification, the environmental liabilities for legal reserve (RL) areas in the region's cities. We additionally detected sugarcane crops in terrains with slope degrees higher than 12% and which will no longer be used for crops, in accordance with law decree 47.700/SP, and may therefore indicate areas which are viable for use as RLs, thus helping reduce the region's environmental liabilities. Our results show that the region contains 30.492,6 ha of environmental liabilities in APP areas and 27,493.6 ha in RL areas. Current sugarcane areas with potential to become RLs comprise 35,630.6 ha. The APP and RL areas are unevenly distributed across the region. Some cities showed no environmental liabilities, whereas others could reconcile or reduce theirs by 14.5% to 79.5% by using the areas that will no longer be used for sugarcane crops

Multidisciplinary Observing in the World Ocean\u27s Oxygen Minimum Zone Regions: From Climate to Fish - The VOICE Initiative

Multidisciplinary ocean observing activities provide critical ocean information to satisfy ever-changing socioeconomic needs and require coordinated implementation. The upper oxycline (transition between high and low oxygen waters) is fundamentally important for the ecosystem structure and can be a useful proxy for multiple observing objectives connected to eastern boundary systems (EBSs) that neighbor oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). The variability of the oxycline and its impact on the ecosystem (VOICE) initiative demonstrates how societal benefits drive the need for integration and optimization of biological, biogeochemical, and physical components of regional ocean observing related to EBS. In liaison with the Global Ocean Oxygen Network, VOICE creates a roadmap toward observation-model syntheses for a comprehensive understanding of selected oxycline-dependent objectives. Local to global effects, such as habitat compression or deoxygenation trends, prompt for comprehensive observing of the oxycline on various space and time scales, and for an increased awareness of its impact on ecosystem services. Building on the Framework for Ocean Observing (FOO), we present a first readiness level assessment for ocean observing of the oxycline in EBS. This was to determine current ocean observing design and future needs in EBS regions (e.g., the California Current System, the Equatorial Eastern Pacific off Ecuador, the Peru-Chile Current system, the Northern Benguela off Namibia, etc.) building on the FOO strategy. We choose regional champions to assess the ocean observing design elements proposed in the FOO, namely, requirement processes, coordination of observational elements, and data management and information products and the related best practices. The readiness level for the FOO elements was derived for each EBS through a similar and very general ad hoc questionnaire. Despite some weaknesses in the questionnaire design and its completion, an assessment was achievable. We found that fisheries and ecosystem management are a societal requirement for all regions, but maturity levels of observational elements and data management and information products differ substantially. Identification of relevant stakeholders, developing strategies for readiness level improvements, and building and sustaining infrastructure capacity to implement these strategies are fundamental milestones for the VOICE initiative over the next 2-5 years and beyond

Location of laccase in ordered mesoporous materials

The functionalization with amine groups was developed on the SBA-15, and its effect in the laccase immobilization was compared with that of a Periodic Mesoporous Aminosilica. A method to encapsulate the laccase in situ has now been developed. In this work, spherical aberration (Cs) corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with high angle annular dark field detector and electron energy loss spectroscopy were applied to identify the exact location of the enzyme in the matrix formed by the ordered mesoporous solids

Electron-deuteron scattering in the equal-time formalism: beyond the impulse approximation

Using a three-dimensional formalism that includes relativistic kinematics, the effects of negative-energy states, approximate boosts of the two-body system, and current conservation, we calculate the electromagnetic form factors of the deuteron up to Q^2 of 4 GeV^2. This is done using a dynamical boost for two-body systems with spin. We first compute form factors in impulse approxmation, but then also add an isoscalar meson-exchange current of pion range that involves the gamma-pi contact operator associated with pseudovector pi-N coupling. We also consider effects of the rho-pi-gamma meson-exchange current. The experimentally measured quantities A, B, and t20 are calculated over the kinematic range probed in recent Jefferson Laboratory experiments. The rho-pi-gamma meson-exchange current provides significant strength in A at large Q^2 and the gamma-pi contact-term exchange current shifts t20, providing good agreement with the JLab data. Relativistic effects and the gamma-pi meson-exchange current do not provide an explanation of the B observable, but the rho-pi-gamma current could help to provide agreement if a nonstandard value is used for the tensor rho-N coupling that enters this contribution.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures. (v2) Added references on rho-pi-gamma current as well as comparison to recent Novosibirsk data on T20. Implemented \includegraphics in place of \BoxedEPSF. (v3) Modified in order to clarify the nature of the boost we implemented for particles with spin. Other minor changes. Version to be published in Physical Review

Dinâmica da cobertura do solo brasileiro: projeto trees 3

Este trabalho trata da validação das classificações realizadas para o território brasileiro nos anos de 1990 e 2000 pelo projeto Global Monitoring (TREES-3), uma parceria entre a Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO) e o Joint Research Centre (JRC). O objetivo foi estimar a dinâmica da cobertura vegetal nas áreas de interesse no período de 1990 a 2000. Um total de 708 amostras de imagens Landsat com 400 km2 de área cada passou pelos processos de segmentação e classificação supervisionada. A validação foi feita visualmente com o auxílio do Google Earth e teve como resultado 16% de mudança da cobertura vegetal florestal para outro tipo de cobertura (other land cover) nas áreas já validadas, que são Amazônia, Cerrado e Maranhão. No Pampa houve um aumento de 2% de cobertura florestal, devido à crescente prática de plantio de florestas homogêneas, que consiste na plantação de pinus e eucalipto para exploração madeireira