DEVELOPMENT OF PASTERIZATION MODES FOR HIGH-SUGAR CANS IN CONTINUOUS ACTING PASTEURIZERS

High-sugar canned fruits, such as jam, marmalade, confiture, are characterized by a high content of soluble dry solids and high acidity, which allows to apply to them pasteurization processes as heat treatment. In comparison with sterilization processes, heat treatment of hermetically sealed canned food during pasteurization is implemented at temperatures less than 100°C.The article presents the results of the development of scientifically-based pasteurization modes for high-sugar canned food for industrial continuous-acting pasteurizers (CAP — continuous-acting pasteurizers) of open type with a temperature in the heating area less than 100°C. For today, such pasteurizers are widely spread due to the simplicity of their design, high productivity, with the option to reduce consumption of water, steam, electricity and to use it for the various types of packaging. So, the actual task of this article is the establishment of canned fruit pasteurization modes for such pasteurizers.The development of pasteurization modes for high-sugar canned food using strawberry jam as a sample was carried out in the experimental equipment simulating the operation of a continuous-acting pasteurizer. The studies were implemented to confirm that the developed modes of heat treatment in the CAP as a matter of fact provide industrial sterility of the produced high-sugar canned food. Optimal pasteurization modes have the following parameters: heat treatment in an autoclave sterilizer at a heating temperature of the heating medium 97°C and stage-by-stage cooling of the products with water at temperatures 70°C, 50°C and 30°C.High-sugar canned fruits, such as jam, marmalade, confiture, are characterized by a high content of soluble dry solids and high acidity, which allows to apply to them pasteurization processes as heat treatment. In comparison with sterilization processes, heat treatment of hermetically sealed canned food during pasteurization is implemented at temperatures less than 100°C.The article presents the results of the development of scientifically-based pasteurization modes for high-sugar canned food for industrial continuous-acting pasteurizers (CAP — continuous-acting pasteurizers) of open type with a temperature in the heating area less than 100°C. For today, such pasteurizers are widely spread due to the simplicity of their design, high productivity, with the option to reduce consumption of water, steam, electricity and to use it for the various types of packaging. So, the actual task of this article is the establishment of canned fruit pasteurization modes for such pasteurizers.The development of pasteurization modes for high-sugar canned food using strawberry jam as a sample was carried out in the experimental equipment simulating the operation of a continuous-acting pasteurizer. The studies were implemented to confirm that the developed modes of heat treatment in the CAP as a matter of fact provide industrial sterility of the produced high-sugar canned food. Optimal pasteurization modes have the following parameters: heat treatment in an autoclave sterilizer at a heating temperature of the heating medium 97°C and stage-by-stage cooling of the products with water at temperatures 70°C, 50°C and 30°C

Highly mobile carriers in orthorhombic phases of iron-based superconductors FeSe1−x{}_{1-x}Sx{}_{x}

The field and temperature dependencies of the longitudinal and Hall resistivity have been measured for FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_{x}$ (x=0.04, 0.09 and 0.19) single crystals. The sample FeSe${}_{0.81}$S${}_{0.19}$ does not show a transition to an orthorhombic phase and exhibits at low temperatures the transport properties quite different from those of orthorhombic samples. The behavior of FeSe${}_{0.81}$S${}_{0.19}$ is well described by the simple two band model with comparable values of hole and electron mobility. In particular, at low temperatures the transverse resistance shows a linear field dependence, the magnetoresistance follow a quadratic field dependence and obeys to Kohler's rule. In contrast, Kohler's rule is strongly violated for samples having an orthorhombic low temperature structure. However, the transport properties of the orthorhombic samples can be satisfactory described by the three band model with the pair of almost equivalent to the tetragonal sample hole and electron bands, supplemented with the highly mobile electron band which has two order smaller carrier number. Therefore, the peculiarity of the low temperature transport properties of the orthorhombic Fe(SeS) samples, as probably of many other orthorhombic iron superconductors, is due to the presence of a small number of highly mobile carriers which originate from the local regions of the Fermi surface, presumably, nearby the Van Hove singularity points

Development of virtual instrument for laboratory work in section «Electric» courses «Life safety»

Сообщается о создании виртуальных приборов, представляющих собой имитацию в среде LabVIEW V.7 и выше лабораторных приборов, для измерения, электротехнических характеристик. Приборы предназначены для выполнения лабораторных работ по курсу «Безопасность жизнедеятельности».Reported the creation of virtual instruments, which are simulated in the environment of LabVIEW V.7 and above laboratory devices for measuring electrical characteristics. The devices are designed to perform laboratory work on the course "Life Safety"

Dynamical lattice instability versus spin liquid state in a frustrated spin chain system

The low-dimensional s=1/2 compound (NO)[Cu(NO3)3] has recently been suggested to follow the Nersesyan-Tsvelik model of coupled spin chains. Such a system shows unbound spinon excitations and a resonating valence bond ground state due spin frustration. Our Raman scattering study demonstrates phonon anomalies as well as the suppression of a broad magnetic scattering continuum for temperatures below a characteristic temperature, T<T*=100K. We interpret these effects as evidence for a dynamical interplay of spin and lattice degrees of freedom that might lead to a further transition into a dimerized or structurally distorted phase at lower temperatures.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Capability assessment for application of clay mixture as barrier material for irradiated zirconium alloy structure elements long-term processing for storage during decommissioning of uranium-graphite nuclear reactors

The radionuclide composition and the activity level of the irradiated zirconium alloy E110, the radionuclide immobilization strength and the retention properties of the mixed clay barrier material with respect to the radionuclides identified in the alloy were investigated to perform the safety assessment of handling structural units of zirconium alloy used for the technological channels in uranium-graphite reactors. The irradiated zirconium alloy waste contained the following activation products:{93m}Nb and the long-lived {94}Nb, {93}Zr radionuclides. Radionuclides of {60}Co, {137}Cs, {90}Sr, and actinides were also present in the alloy. In the course of the runs no leaching of niobium and zirconium isotopes from the E110 alloy was detected. Leach rates were observed merely for {60}Co and {137}Cs present in the deposits formed on the internal surface of technological channels. The radionuclides present were effectively adsorbed by the barrier material. To ensure the localization of radionuclides in case of the radionuclide migration from the irradiated zirconium alloy into the barrier material, the sorption properties were determined of the barrier material used for creating the long-term storage point for the graphite stack from uranium-graphite reactors

Magnetotransport properties of FeSe in fields up to 50T

Magnetotransport properties of the high-quality FeSe crystal, measured in a wide temperature range and in magnetic fields up to 50 T, show the symmetry of the main holelike and electronlike bands in this compound. In addition to the main two bands, there is also a tiny, highly mobile, electronlike band which is responsible for the non-linear behavior of $\rho_{xy}$(B) at low temperatures and some other peculiarities of FeSe. We observe the inversion of the $\rho_{xx}$ temperature coeficient at a magnetic field higher than about 20 T which is an implicit conformation of the electron-hole symmetry in the main bands.Comment: MISM 201

Radiography of the Earth's Core and Mantle with Atmospheric Neutrinos

A measurement of the absorption of neutrinos with energies in excess of 10 TeV when traversing the Earth is capable of revealing its density distribution. Unfortunately, the existence of beams with sufficient luminosity for the task has been ruled out by the AMANDA South Pole neutrino telescope. In this letter we point out that, with the advent of second-generation kilometer-scale neutrino detectors, the idea of studying the internal structure of the Earth may be revived using atmospheric neutrinos instead.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX file using RevTEX4, 2 figures and 1 table included. Matches published versio

Majority carrier type inversion in FeSe family and "doped semimetal" scheme in iron-based superconductors

The field and temperature dependencies of the longitudinal and Hall resistivity have been studied for high-quality FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_{x}$ (x up to 0.14) single crystals. Quasiclassical analysis of the obtained data indicates a strong variation of the electron and hole concentrations under the studied isovalent substitution and proximity of FeSe to the point of the majority carrier-type inversion. On this basis, we propose a `doped semimetal' scheme for the superconducting phase diagram of the FeSe family, which can be applied to other iron-based superconductors. In this scheme, the two local maxima of the superconducting temperature can be associated with the Van Hove singularities of a simplified semi-metallic electronic structure. The multicarrier analysis of the experimental data also reveals the presence of a tiny and highly mobile electron band for all the samples studied. Sulfur substitution in the studied range leads to a decrease in the number of mobile electrons by more than ten times, from about 3\% to about 0.2\%. This behavior may indicate a successive change of the Fermi level position relative to singular points of the electronic structure which is consistent with the `doped semimetal' scheme. The scattering time for mobile carriers does not depend on impurities, which allows us to consider this group as a possible source of unusual acoustic properties of FeSe

Features of the crystal structure and electrical properties of sodium chloride at pressure 20-50 GPa

The electrical properties of polycrystalline samples of sodium chloride are studied at direct and alternating current in a wide range of frequencies at high pressure and room temperature. Graphic analysis of the experimental data [1-3] in the view of equivalent circuits allowed us to separate the contributions to conductivity caused by grains and intergrain boundaries. Features of impedance at pressure up to 37 GPa are in good agreement with earlier data and structural changes. It is shown that in the studied materials the electrical resistance of grains is much greater than the resistance of intergrain boundaries. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc