297 research outputs found
A chiral crystal in cold QCD matter at intermediate densities?
The analogue of Overhauser (particle-hole) pairing in electronic systems
(spin-density waves with non-zero total momentum ) is analyzed in
finite-density QCD for 3 colors and 2 flavors, and compared to the
color-superconducting BCS ground state (particle-particle pairing, =0). The
calculations are based on effective nonperturbative four-fermion interactions
acting in both the scalar diquark as well as the scalar-isoscalar quark-hole
('') channel. Within the Nambu-Gorkov formalism we set up the coupled
channel problem including multiple chiral density wave formation, and evaluate
the resulting gaps and free energies. Employing medium-modified
instanton-induced 't Hooft interactions, as applicable around
GeV (or 4 times nuclear saturation density), we find the 'chiral crystal phase'
to be competitive with the color superconductor.Comment: 14 pages ReVTeX, including 11 ps-/eps-figure
A study of socialization of children and student-age youth by the express diagnostics methods
The article reveals the research methodology and describes approaches to study psychological and pedagogical level of socialization of children and student-age youth in Russia using advanced technological equipment. The authors carry out the analysis of the conventional and up-to-date methods of psycho-pedagogical investigation through the express diagnostics. One of these methods consists in the application of the diagnostic game designers, their integrated effect on the human body, based on measurement of physical and biological processes. The article describes experience in application of contemporary equipment for diagnostics of the social qualities of the people, as well as application features of technical devices, in particular "AR-101", "AR-600", and "Jibo" programmable microcontrollers of android family, and variety of medical, sporting, and household electronic game designers in the activity of pupils, students and educators. The authors consider in detail the design methods, the results of scientific research, and the technology of using several game designers in the express diagnostics.Based on the data, obtained during the study, the authors assess the socialization level of the students of supplementary education institutions, tested at the children's recreation camp "Intelletto", pupils of "Children's University" and "Entertaining Physics" and "Junior Programmer" teenage associations, as well as undergraduate students specializing in pedagogy at the Elabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University (EI KFU)
Multiflavor Correlation Functions in non-Abelian Gauge Theories at Finite Density in two dimensions
We compute vacuum expectation values of products of fermion bilinears for
two-dimensional Quantum Chromodynamics at finite flavored fermion densities. We
introduce the chemical potential as an external charge distribution within the
path-integral approach and carefully analyse the contribution of different
topological sectors to fermion correlators. We show the existence of chiral
condensates exhibiting an oscillatory inhomogeneous behavior as a function of a
chemical potential matrix. This result is exact and goes in the same direction
as the behavior found in QCD_4 within the large N approximation.Comment: 28 pages Latex (3 pages added and other minor changes) to appear in
Phys.Rev.
Molecular bases of brain preconditioning
© 2017 Deryagin, Gavrilova, Gainutdinov, Golubeva, Andrianov, Yafarova, Buravkov and Koshelev. Preconditioning of the brain induces tolerance to the damaging effects of ischemia and prevents cell death in ischemic penumbra. The development of this phenomenon is mediated by mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP+) channels and nitric oxide signaling (NO). The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of molecular changes in mitochondria after ischemic preconditioning (IP) and the effect of pharmacological preconditioning (PhP) with the KATP+-channels opener diazoxide on NO levels after ischemic stroke in rats. Immunofluorescence-histochemistry and laser-confocal microscopy were applied to evaluate the cortical expression of electron transport chain enzymes, mitochondrial KATP+-channels, neuronal and inducible NO-synthases, as well as the dynamics of nitrosylation and nitration of proteins in rats during the early and delayed phases of IP. NO cerebral content was studied with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy using spin trapping. We found that 24 h after IP in rats, there is a two-fold decrease in expression of mitochondrial KATP+-channels (p = 0.012) in nervous tissue, a comparable increase in expression of cytochrome c oxidase (p = 0.008), and a decrease in intensity of protein S-nitrosylation and nitration (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.001, respectively). PhP led to a 56% reduction of free NO concentration 72 h after ischemic stroke simulation (p = 0.002). We attribute this result to the restructuring of tissue energy metabolism, namely the provision of increased catalytic sites to mitochondria and the increased elimination of NO, which prevents a decrease in cell sensitivity to oxygen during subsequent periods of severe ischemia
Views of the Chiral Magnetic Effect
My personal views of the Chiral Magnetic Effect are presented, which starts
with a story about how we came up with the electric-current formula and
continues to unsettled subtleties in the formula. There are desirable features
in the formula of the Chiral Magnetic Effect but some considerations would lead
us to even more questions than elucidations. The interpretation of the produced
current is indeed very non-trivial and it involves a lot of confusions that
have not been resolved.Comment: 19 pages, no figure; typos corrected, references significantly
updated, to appear in Lect. Notes Phys. "Strongly interacting matter in
magnetic fields" (Springer), edited by D. Kharzeev, K. Landsteiner, A.
Schmitt, H.-U. Ye
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in strong-coupling lattice QCD at high density
We determine the patterns of spontaneous symmetry breaking in strong-coupling
lattice QCD in a fixed background baryon density. We employ a
next-nearest-neighbor fermion formulation that possesses the SU(N_f)xSU(N_f)
chiral symmetry of the continuum theory. We find that the global symmetry of
the ground state varies with N_f and with the background baryon density. In all
cases the condensate breaks the discrete rotational symmetry of the lattice as
well as part of the chiral symmetry group.Comment: 10 pages, RevTeX 4; added discussion of accidental degeneracy of
vacuum after Eq. (35
Emergence of Skyrme crystal in Gross-Neveu and 't Hooft models at finite density
We study two-dimensional, large field theoretic models (Gross-Neveu
model, 't Hooft model) at finite baryon density near the chiral limit. The same
mechanism which leads to massless baryons in these models induces a breakdown
of translational invariance at any finite density. In the chiral limit baryonic
matter is characterized by a spatially varying chiral angle with a wave number
depending only on the density. For small bare quark masses a sine-Gordon kink
chain is obtained which may be regarded as simplest realization of the Skyrme
crystal for nuclear matter. Characteristic differences between confining and
non-confining models are pointed out.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures, added reference, corrected sig
Diffuse-Charge Dynamics in Electrochemical Systems
The response of a model micro-electrochemical system to a time-dependent
applied voltage is analyzed. The article begins with a fresh historical review
including electrochemistry, colloidal science, and microfluidics. The model
problem consists of a symmetric binary electrolyte between parallel-plate,
blocking electrodes which suddenly apply a voltage. Compact Stern layers on the
electrodes are also taken into account. The Nernst-Planck-Poisson equations are
first linearized and solved by Laplace transforms for small voltages, and
numerical solutions are obtained for large voltages. The ``weakly nonlinear''
limit of thin double layers is then analyzed by matched asymptotic expansions
in the small parameter , where is the
screening length and the electrode separation. At leading order, the system
initially behaves like an RC circuit with a response time of
(not ), where is the ionic diffusivity, but nonlinearity
violates this common picture and introduce multiple time scales. The charging
process slows down, and neutral-salt adsorption by the diffuse part of the
double layer couples to bulk diffusion at the time scale, . In the
``strongly nonlinear'' regime (controlled by a dimensionless parameter
resembling the Dukhin number), this effect produces bulk concentration
gradients, and, at very large voltages, transient space charge. The article
concludes with an overview of more general situations involving surface
conduction, multi-component electrolytes, and Faradaic processes.Comment: 10 figs, 26 pages (double-column), 141 reference
Study of a novel type of the optical modes in VCSELs
We study novel side-emitting modes in VCSEL microcavities. These modes correspond to Ï-shaped propagation along the mesa diameter, reflection from angled mesa walls and bottom Bragg reflector. We believe this study of Ï-modes is important for optimization of VCSEL design for improvement of efficiency
Primordial Hypermagnetic Knots
Topologically non-trivial configurations of the hypermagnetic flux lines lead
to the formation of hypermagnetic knots (HK) whose decay might seed the Baryon
Asymmetry of the Universe (BAU).HK can be dynamically generated provided a
topologically trivial (i.e. stochastic) distribution of flux lines is already
present in the symmetric phase of the electroweak (EW) theory. In spite of the
mechanism generating the HK, their typical size must exceed the diffusivity
length scale. In the minimal standard model (MSM) (but not necessarily in its
supersymmetric extension) HK are washed out. A classical hypermagnetic
background in the symmetric phase of the EW theory can produce interesting
amounts of gravitational radiation.Comment: 4 pages in Revtex style, 2 figure
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