Ameliorative effect of virgin olive oil against nephrotoxicity following sub-chronic administration of ethephon in male rats

Background: Ethephon (EP) is the most famous plant growth regulator with different adverse effects on kidney function. Virgin Olive Oil (VOO) is considered as a natural source of antioxidant with beneficial effects. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of VOO on nephrotoxicity induced by EP in rats. Methods and materials: In this study, 80 male rats (weighing 200�250 g) were divided into four groups including I: control group received normal saline as vehicle, II: received VOO, III: received EP (150 mg/kg/day) for 2 months, IV: received EP (150 mg/kg/day for 2 months, after 2-month pretreatment with VOO. VOO (2 mL/kg/day) and vehicle were administered by gastric gavage for 2 months. At the end, the animals were sacrificed, and their blood and kidneys were used for examinations. Isolated kidneys were used for histopathological and oxidative stress studies. Results: Significant increases were recorded in blood (neutrophils, monocytes) and urinary parameters as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the group III compared to groups II and I (P�0.05). Antioxidant enzymes significantly declined and histopathological alterations increased in the group III. In the group IV, significant decreases were recorded in blood and urinary parameters, MDA, and histopathological alterations and a significant increase were found in antioxidant enzymes compared to group III (P�0.05). Conclusions: Findings of the present study demonstrated protective effects of VOO in prevention of kidneys against EP -induced toxicity in albino rats. © 2019 Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan Universit

Expression of MK-1 and RegⅣ and its clinicopathological significances in the benign and malignant lesions of gallbladder

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To study the expression of MK-1 and RegⅣ and to detect their pathological significances in benign and malignant lesions of gallbladder.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The expression of MK-1 and RegⅣ was detected by immunohistochemical method in paraffin-embedded sections of surgical resected specimens from gallbladder adenocarcinoma (n = 108), peritumoral tissues (n = 46), adenomatous polyp (n = 15), and chronic cholecystitis (n = 35).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The positive rate of MK-1 or RegⅣ expression was significantly higher in gallbladder adenocarcinoma than that in peritumoral tissues (χ²_MK-1= 18.76, <it>P </it>< 0.01; χ²_RegⅣ= 9.92, <it>P </it>< 0.01), denomatous polyp (χ²_MK-1= 9.49, <it>P </it>< 0.01; χ²_RegⅣ= 8.59, <it>P </it>< 0.01) and chronic cholecystitis (χ²_MK-1= 24.11, <it>P </it>< 0.01; χ²_RegⅣ= 19.24, <it>P </it>< 0.01). The positive cases of MK-1 and/or RegⅣ in the benign lesions showed moderately- or severe-atypical hyperplasia of gallbladder epitheli. The positive rates of MK-1 were significantly higher in the cases of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, no-metastasis of lymph node, and no-invasiveness of regional tissues than those in the ones of differentiated adenocarcinoma, metastasis of lymph node, and invasiveness of regional tissues in gallbladder adenocarcinoma (<it>P </it>< 0.05 or <it>P </it>< 0.01). On the contrary, the positive rates of RegⅣ were significantly lower in the cases of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, no-metastasis of lymph node, and no-invasiveness of regional tissues than those in the ones of differentiated adenocarcinoma, metastasis of lymph node, and invasiveness of regional tissues in gallbladder adenocarcinoma (<it>P </it>< 0.05 or <it>P </it>< 0.01). Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that decreased expression of MK-1 (<it>P </it>= 0.09) or increased expression of RegⅣ (<it>P </it>= 0.003) was associated with decreased overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that decreased expression of MK-1 (<it>P </it>= 0.033) and increased expression of RegⅣ (<it>P </it>= 0.008) was an independent prognostic predictor in gallbladder adenocarcinoma.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The expression of MK-1 and/or RegⅣ might be closely related to the carcinogenesis, clinical biological behaviors, and prognosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.</p