Germination Characters as Affected by Salinity Stress and Soaking Grain Sorghum Genotypesin Humic acid

In order to investigate salinity stress on sorghum germination indices, an experiment conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University from June and July 2017 in Agronomy Department, Seed Science Laboratory. The goals of the investigation aimed to screening for five (Sorghum bicolor L.(Moench) cultivarsviz. Dorado, hybrid 306, Giza 15, Mecca hybrid and H-305 under salinity stress, sodium chloride (Na Cl) at the levels of 0 (as control), 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 dS/m-1 and soaking in humic acid. The results showed that soaking seed in humic acid exceeded percentage of germination, germination rate, germination index, energy of germination and chlorophyll content by 5.2, 7.7, 17.1, 65.8 and 17.8 %, respectively. The highest germination percentage (91.9 %), germination rate (3.08), germination energy (59.7), seedling vigor index (1483.7) and chlorophyll content (2.88) were obtained from sown Mecca hybrid. The maximum germination index (117.22) was obtainedfrom sown Giza 15 cultivar.The results point out that cumulative salinity level from 3 to 15 dSm-1condensedall studied germination characters. Accumulative salinity levels to 15 dSm-1condensedpercentage of germination, germination rate, index of germination, germination energy and seedling vigor index by 15.9, 15.0, 30.0, 35.9 and 37.6 %, respectively compared without salinity application. It could recommended that soaking sorghum seed of Meeca hybrid with humic acid for 12 h under salinity of concentration of 6 dSm-1 enhanced germination characters compared with other cultivars and salinity concentrations, it mean cultivated it under reclaimed saline soil in Egypt

Leucaena forage yield as influenced by soil conditioner and irrigation regime treatments

Water is limiting factor of increasing cultivated lands, so water scarcity and drought stress, considered as one of the factors limiting agricultural forage production in the world. This can have achieved by increasing of cultivated pasture area or improving productivity of rangeland plants. Soil conditioners applied in these holes during cultivation and vigorous seedlings transported to this experimental site. Unvarying daily irrigation using a drip irrigation system. Applying poultry manure as soil conditioners in sandy soil twisted tallest shrubs, maximum values of a number of branches/plant, stem thickness and dry matter forage yield per plant and per hectare and uppermost values of water use efficiency at both summer and autumn cuts. Increasing drip irrigation discharges from 2, 4, 6 to 8 litres/h significantly produced the tallest plants, highest number of branches per plant, thickness of stem and dry forage yield/plant and per hectare as well as water use efficiency in both summer and autumn cuts. As regards to the interaction between soil conditioners and drip irrigation discharges on stem height, number of branches /plant, dry forage matter yield per plant and dry forage yield/ha. Applying poultry manure as soil conditioners in sandy soil and increasing discharges of drip irrigation by 8 litres/h significantly increased dry forage yield/ha

Seedling Parameters as affected by Soaking in Humic Acid, Salinity Stress and Grain Sorghum Genotypes

To study the effect soaking in humic acid and salinity stress on sorghum seedling parameters, a laboratory experiment accompanied in Seed Science Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Mansoura University from June 2017 to July 2017. This exploration intended to study performance of seedling parameters of five grain sorghum cultivars viz. Dorado, hybrid 306, Giza 15, Mecca hybrid and H-305 to soaking in humic acid under salinity concentrations of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 dS/m-1beside the control, and humic acid soaking. The results showed that seed soaking in humic acid recorded the tallest shoot and root, weight of fresh shoot and root, weight of dry shoot and the lowest percentages of relative dry weight and highest salinity tolerance index. Seed soaking in humic acid exceeded shoot and root length (cm), weight of fresh shoot and root, weight of dry shoot and tolerance index by 14.3, 92.6, 8.7, 4.5, 4.7 and 40.8%, respectively compared without soakingin humic acid.The tallest shoot and the fresh shoot weight were produced from germinating Giza 15 cultivar. In addition, the tallest roots and highest values of stress tolerance index were recorded from sown Mecca hybrid and Giza 15 cultivars without significant differences. It could be stated that sown Mecca hybrid surpassed H-305 cultivar in root length by 36.3 %. Moreover, Giza 15 cultivar surpassed H-305 in shoot length, shoot fresh weight and stress tolerance index by 30.6, 10.1 and 29.1 %, respectively. The results clearly revealed that accumulative salinity concentrations from 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 dSm-1 significantly produced the shortest shoot, root, weight of fresh shoot, root, weight of dry shoot, and root, highest percentages of seedling height reduction, and stress tolerance index, except the percentage of relative dry weight increased with salinity levels increased. The shortest shoot and root (cm), were recorded from the highest salinity concentrations of 15 dSm-1. The gradually increases in salinity till of 15 dSm-1 significantly diminished the length of shoot and root, the fresh weight of shoot and root, the dry weight of shoot and root, seedling height reduction percentages, and stress tolerance index by 51.7, 17.7,4.7, 59.5, 38.7 and 57.4, respectively compared the control treatment. Accordingly, sown Mecca hybrid or Giza 15 cultivar with soaking in humic acid under salinity of 6 dSm-1maximized seedling parameters and could recommended to cultivated in saline new reclaimed soils

Influence of Growth Regulators on Shedding of Broad Bean, Growth, Yield and Seed Quality

In order to study the effect of foliar spraying of growth regulators on growth,seed yield and seed quality, two field experiments were conducted at an extensive field during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons to determine following foliar spraying of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) concentrations, i.e. 0, 20, 40 and 60 ppm and Kinetin (Kin) concentrations, i.e. 0, 15, 30 and 45 ppm after 35 and 50 days from sown. Accumulative NAA levelsof to 60 ppm significantly increased total chlorophyll, plant height (cm),branches number/plant, number of shedding flowers, shedding %, pods and seeds number/plant,seedsnumber/pod, seed yield/plant, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha) and protein % in both seasons.Naphthalene Acetic Acid foliar spraying up to 60 ppm exceeded of total chlorophyll, plant height (cm), branchesnumber/plant, number of shedding flowers, podsnumber/plant, seedsnumber/pod, seedsnumber/plant, seed yield (g) /plant, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha) and protein % by 11.47, 23.92, 92.88, 20.53, 11.87, 23.48, 14.16, 24.91, 26.15 and 13.23%, respectively as the average of both seasons. But, reduced the shedding percentage by 11.91% as the average oftwo seasons. Kinetin (Kin) foliar spraying up to 45 ppm significantly increased total chlorophyll, plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, number of shedding flowers, shedding %, pods and seeds number/plant,number of seeds/pod, seed yield/plant, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha) and protein % in both seasons. It could be noticed that foliar spraying of Kinetin (Kin) concentrationsup to 45 ppm exceeded total chlorophyll, plant height (cm), branchesnumber/plant, number of shedding flowers, podsnumber/plant, seedsnumber/pod, seedsnumber/plant, seed yield /plant, 100-seed weight (g), seed yield (ton/ha) and protein % by 12.16, 19.39, 61.64, 5.60, 5.56, 6.96, 5.64, 18.75, 13.38 and 4.39%, respectively as average of both seasons. But, reduced the shedding % by 14.73 % as the average of both seasons.It could be recommended that foliar spraying of Naphthalene Acetic Acid up to 60 ppm and Kin of 45 ppm improved seed yield/ha by 38.2% compared without foliar application

Response of Some Sunflower Hybrids (Helianthus annuus l.) to Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Plant Densities

In order to improve sunflower productivity, this investigation aimed to study the performance of some genotypes to different doses of nitrogen and plant population density on seed yield and yield components. Two field Experiments carried out on the Experimental Farm of the Sakha Agriculture Research Station during 2015 and 2016 seasons. The objective of this study aimed to investigate the performance of some sunflower hybrids to different nitrogen fertilizer rates and plant population densities to growth, yield components, seed yield and its quality.The results indicated that tallest plants, highest leaves number/plant, number of achenes/head and highest values of head diameter were obtained from MS.sirena F1 genotype. Biest Brima genotype recorded the highest values of leaf area. The highest weight of 1000 seed and seed yield/ha were recorded from Nsovak genotype.The increases in nitrogen fertilizer rates to 168 Kg N/ha produced tallest plants,thick stems (cm), the highest leaves number/plant, leaf area (cm2), number of achenes/head, head diameter (cm), 1000 achene weight (gm) and achene yield (Kg/ha) in both seasons. It could observed that increasing nitrogen fertilizer from 72 to 168 Kg N/ha significantly increased seed yield by 12.0 and 11.6 % in the first and second seasons, respectively. Increasing hill spacing from 15, 20 and 25 cm produced thickness stem, highest number of leaves/plant, highest values of leaf area, maximum number of achenes/head, head diameter and weight of 1000 achene. The tallest plants and highest and achene yield were produced from 20cm hill spacing. It could concluded that increasing nitrogen fertilizer from 72 to 168 Kg N/ha and sown Nsovak genotype at dense hill spacing of 15 cm between plants maximized seed yield per unite area

Germination and Seedling Characters as Influenced by Sunflower Hybrids, Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Hill Spacing

In order to study the performance of some sunflower genotypes to nitrogen fertilizer rates and plant population density to germination and seedling parameters. A laboratory experiment conducted in the Agronomy Department seed lab, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt during March and April 2017.The goals of this study aimed to study the effect of sunflower hybrids, nitrogen fertilizer rates and hill spacing on germination and seedling characters.The results indicated that Nsovak genotype recorded the highest values of abnormal seedling percentage. Highest mean germination time was obtained from MS.sirena F1 genotype. The highest coefficient of velocityand value of the vigour was produced from Biest Brima genotype without significant differences with sown Nsovak genotype.The results indicated that increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates from 72, 120 and 168 kg N/ha significantly increased mean germination timeandvalue of the vigour. The highest coefficient of velocity percentage produced from addition nitrogen fertilizer at 120 Kg/ha.The results designated that increasing hill spacing from 15, 20 and 25 cm reduced germination percentage and mean germination time, however, significantly increased coefficient of velocity anddead seed percentages and value of the vigour.It could be concluded that sown Nsovak genotype at hill spacing of 15 cm and fertilizing with 120 kg N/ha enhanced seed germination and viability

Performance of Some Soybean Genotypes (Glycine max L.) to Germination and Seedling Characters as Affected by Planting Dates and Phosphorus Fertilization

To investigate the performance of some sunflower genotypes to phosphorus fertilizer rates and planting dates to germination characters and seedling parameters. A laboratory experiment accompanied in seed lab during April and May 2017.The experiments included six sowing dates at 1th May, 15th May and 31th May, three soybean cultivars namely Crawford, Giza 22 and Giza 111 and three rates of phosphorus fertilizer viz. 0, 37.2 and 74.4 kg P2O5/ha.The tallest shoot, great percentages of germination, the lowermostpercentagesof dead seedand the highestcoefficient of velocitypercentage from sown on mid-May. In addition, the lowest days of germination time was produced from sown on first May. Whereas, the tallest root, the highest weight of fresh shoot and root as well as shoot dry weight from sown on end-May.The results clearly revealed that the highest percentage of germination, soot length and root length obtained from sown cv. Giza 111. The uppermostenergy of germination, shoot and root dry weight were recorded from sown Giza 22 cultivar. In addition, sown Crawford cultivar produced the highestdead seedpercentage and the lowest mean germination time.The results indicated that the lowest mean germination time and maximum percentage of coefficient of velocity, tallest shoot and root, weight of fresh shoot, shoot and dry root were obtained fromfertilizationof phosphate at the rate of31 kgP2O5/fed. It summarized that seed Giza 111 cultivar recorded the best in seed viability when sown on first May and fertilized with phosphorus fertilizer at the rate of 74.4 kg P2O5/ha

Behaviors of Some Soybean Cultivars (Glycine max L.) Yield to Planting Dates and Different Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates

Soybean production components such as planting date, cultivars and phosphorus fertilizer rates affected soybean yield. Two field experiments conducted in extensive field at El-Gahrbia district, Egypt during 2015 and 2016 seasons. The goal of this research was aimed to investigate the influence of sowing date at 1th May, 15th May and 31th May and three phosphorus fertilization rates, i.e. 0, 37.2 and 74.4 kg P2O5/ha on the performance of three soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrl) cultivars i.e. Crawford, Giza 22 and Giza 111 on growth, yield and seed quality. The tallest plants, the thick stem, highest branches number/plant, pods number/plant, seed number/pod, weight of 1000 seed and seed yield/ha were recorded from sown early on first May in the both seasons. The tallest plants, the thick stems and highest number of branches/plant were recorded from sown Crawford cultivar. Whereas maximum number of pods/plant and number of seed/pod were found from sown Giza 111 cultivar in the both seasons. Increasing phosphorous fertilizer rates significantly increased all studied cultivars of seed yield and yield components. Tallest plant, the thick stem, the highest branches number/plant, pods number/plant, seed number/pod, weight of1000 seed and seed yield/ha were produced from phosphorous fertilizer at a rate of 74.4 kg P2O5/ha in the first and second seasons, respectively

Influence of Antioxidants and Salinity Stress on Seed Viability Characters of Some Wheat Cultivars

To explore the impact of antioxidants types and levels prim on seed germination characters of some bread wheat cultivars under salinity stress. An experiment accompanied in seed science lab during November and December 2016, to study the response of antioxidants seed prim of some bread wheat cultivars to germinate under salinity levels. The highest of final percentages of germination (96.8 %), higher percentages of germination energy (58.11 %), highest values of germination index (0.970) and a smaller amount of germination time (2.29 day) obtained from sown Misr 1 variety. The results showed that maximum of percentages of germination (91.15 %) and germination index (0.951) obtained from soaking in humic acid. The maximum percentages of energy of germination (41.21 %) and the less mean germination time (2.77 day from soaking grains in ascorbic acid compared with without antioxidants. Increasing antioxidant concentrations to 200 ppm produced the highest percentages of germination (91.61 %), energy of germination (37.63 %), germination index (0.953) and the lowermost of mean germination time (2.97 day) compared with without antioxidants and level of 100 ppm. Increasing salinity to 160 mM during germination of wheat cultivars significantly reduced percentages of germination by 18.5 %, energy of germination by 96.7 %, germination index by 18.6 % and mean germination time by 53.5 % compared with without salinity (control). Whereas, for reducing the gap between production and consumption, it could be recommended that soaking bread wheat in humic acid or ascorbic acid at 200 mM under salinity stress enhanced seed viability and advise to sown under saline new reclaimed soil