35 research outputs found
A Solvent-Free Method for Isotopically or Radioactively Labeling Cyclodextrins and Cyclodextrin-Containing Polymers
A method for installing a distinguishable label onto cyclodextrins or cyclodextrin-containing polymers is reported. Cyclodextrins (CD) and cyclodextrin-containing polymers are exposed to labeled (^2H or ^(14)C) ethylene oxide (EO) vapor and the alcohol groups on the CD ring open the EO to give ether-linked labeled methylenes and a terminal alcohol. This method provides for the incorporation of an easily tracked and quantified label without the use of solvents or purification steps. The method can be generalized for use with materials that contain nucleophiles other than alcohols, e.g., amines
A Solvent-Free Method for Isotopically or Radioactively Labeling Cyclodextrins and Cyclodextrin-Containing Polymers
A method for installing a distinguishable label onto cyclodextrins or cyclodextrin-containing polymers is reported. Cyclodextrins (CD) and cyclodextrin-containing polymers are exposed to labeled (^2H or ^(14)C) ethylene oxide (EO) vapor and the alcohol groups on the CD ring open the EO to give ether-linked labeled methylenes and a terminal alcohol. This method provides for the incorporation of an easily tracked and quantified label without the use of solvents or purification steps. The method can be generalized for use with materials that contain nucleophiles other than alcohols, e.g., amines
POSTTRAUMATIC HEMOBILIA
Four patients with post-traumatic hemobilia were evaluated with
arteriography over a 2 year period. In two patients hemobilia was of
iatrogenic origin; in particular, one case appeared after a
cholecystectomy, and the other was due to placement of a biliary stent
with an endoscope. In the other two patients hemobilia was the result of
a gun injury. Arteriography of the hepatic arterial system demonstrated
two false aneurysms, extravasation of contrast medium through the
biliary system in one patient and arterioportal fistula in another
patient. It is concluded that arteriograpy of the hepatic arterial
system is the method of choice for the evaluation and the possible
treatment of patients with hemobilia
Bone resorption is increased in young adults with thalassaemia major
Bone disease in patients with thalassaemia major is a multifactorial and
still poorly understood process. The present study evaluated 45
thalassaemic patients using dual X-ray absorptiometry at three sites
(lumbar spine, head of femur and forearm) to assess bone mineral
density, in parallel with a series of biochemical markers to measure
bone formation and bone resorption. To identify possible interfering
factors, our patients were grouped according to whether or not they
needed transfusion therapy; the presence of hypogonadism was also
considered. Our results showed that patients on regular transfusions had
a markedly low bone mineral density in contrast to those not requiring
blood support and that this finding was more pronounced in the
hypogonadic group, irrespectively of sex. The decrease of bone mineral
density values was more prominent in the forearm, thus making this site
particularly interesting for such studies. Bone formation, as evidenced
by the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, did not
appear to be impaired, while bone resorption was grossly increased in
all patient groups. The latter process was clearly evident using the
recently introduced measurement of the urinary N-terminal peptides of
collagen type I, the sensitivity of which has already been established
in other groups of osteoporotic patients. Our conclusion is that, in
spite of the severe bone destruction that occurs in thalassaemia major,
the fact that bone formation remains intact calls for a more intensive
treatment comprising hormonal replacement, bisphosphonates and other
agents
Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gall bladder
Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the gallbladder is a very rare location
of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas. A patient with a primary
non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the gallbladder is reported and in addition, the
English literature is reviewed. Clinical presentation, diagnostic
evaluation, histopathologic findings, treatment modalities and prognosis
of primary gallbladder lymphomas reported up to date are reviewed and
discussed. Our patient was diagnosed as a T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma,
after cholecystectomy, and had no evidence of disease elsewhere. She was
treated with combination chemotherapy and complete remission was
achieved. She remains free of disease 9 years later. Review of the
literature over a 30-year period revealed only 12 cases of
well-documented primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma involvement of the
gallbladder, including the present case. Patients present clinically
with symptoms and signs indicating either biliary tract pathology or a
gastrointestinal tumor. Diagnostic investigation included ultrasound of
the upper abdomen, computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, oral
cholecystography, percutaneous cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopangreatography. Preoperative diagnosis was established in none
of the patients. Treatment modalities included surgery and postoperative
chemotherapy and irradiation. The prognosis is overall poor and only 2
patients are alive after 1 and 9 years respectively, the latter being
our case. Here we document the first reported case of a patient with
primary T-cell lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the gallbladder.
Review of the literature shows the existence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma of
the gallbladder, its rarity and its general dismal prognosis