Legehennen in einem mobilen Stallsystem - Auslaufnutzung und Flächenzustand -

The use of the free-range area by laying hens housed in a mobile system and the resulting condition of the range were investigated. The free-range was used very intensively. On an average of nine complete observation days 35 % of the birds (23 – 44 % means per day) were outside the house. The maximum of animals in the free range was 77 %. 75 % (60 – 95 %) of the hens outside the house stayed in an area of 20 m around the house. This led to deteriorated conditions of the range in these areas. By moving the mobile house regularly (after 2 weeks in summer and 6 weeks in winter) a destruction of the vegetation could be avoided, while after not moving the house for three months in winter a complementary seeding became necessary. We conclude that the use of mobile systems for poultry in conjunction with a regular change of position and sufficient area per animal can avoid destruction of the vegetation despite an intensive use of the free-range all year round

Legehennen in einem mobilen Stallsystem - Flächenmanagement und resultierende Stickstoffgehalte im Auslauf -

In the last years free range poultry was often criticised for its negative impacts on environment. As the animals do not use the run equally, a big part of the excreted nutrients are accumulated in the area close to the poultry house. This can lead to an increased rate of nutrient loss especially nitrogen by leaching. Within this study the use of a mobile housing system for 1.000 layers on an organic farm in North Hessia with a mean of 700 mm precipitation per year and an average of 8,9°C (soil texture: loam in the first, silt loam in the second year) was observed for two years. A documentation and optimization of the management and regular investigations into the contents of mineral nitrogen in all parts of the outdoor run were carried out. The aim of the study was to survey, if a well-balanced distribution of nutrients can be reached by moving the house within the free-range and which management is necessary for that. The results showed a better distribution of mineral nitrogen in the second year, when the house was moved in winter time every six weeks, while the contents were slightly less well-balanced, when it stayed at one position for three months in the first winter . In both years the highest amounts of mineral nitrogen in any part of the hen run with 37 and 24 mg / kg DM were much lower than the contents of up to 160 mg / kg DM close to stationary houses examined in other studies. The results of this study show that a well-balanced distribution of nutrients in free-ranges for poultry can be reached by using mobile housing systems combined with the right management

Indikatoren einer tiergerechten Mastputenhaltung unter den Bedingungen der ökologischen Geflügelmast

Ziel der Studie war eine Analyse der Häufigkeit und des Ausprägungsgrades tierschutzrelevanter Veränderungen bei Puten, die gemäß den Bedingungen der EU-Verordnung 889/2008 für den ökologischen Landbau gehalten wurden. In zwei Durchgängen wurden in neun Aufzucht- und 14 Mastbetrieben 32 Herden mit insgesamt 105.483 Tieren erfasst. Der Tiergesundheitsstatus der einzelnen Herden wurde stichprobenartig an fünf Zeitpunkten durch Beurteilung von 60 Einzeltieren dokumentiert. Bei jedem Bestandsbesuch wurden außerdem Einstreuproben entnommen und ihr Feuchtigkeitsgehalt thermogravimetrisch bestimmt. Die mittlere kumulierte Verlustrate in der Aufzuchtphase lag bei 3,3 % und in der 16. Lebenswoche bei 4,5%. Am Ende der Aufzuchtphase wiesen bis zu 44 % der untersuchten Tiere Epithelnekrosen an den Fußballen auf. Häufigkeit und Schweregrad von Ballenveränderungen nahmen im Verlauf der Mastphase weiter zu. So wurden in der 16. Lebenswoche bei über 80 % der untersuchten Puten Ballennekrosen festgestellt. Am Schlachthof erfolgte eine Aufnahme allgemeiner Daten zur Schlachtung und folgend die visuelle Beschau von 60 Puten je Herde. Der überwiegende Teil der Tiere (97,7%) wies zum Zeitpunkt der Schlachtung Veränderungen der Fußballen auf, während Brusthautveränderungen nur selten dokumentiert wurden. Vermehrt traten weiterhin Leberveränderungen, insbesondere Grünfärbungen auf, wobei deutliche Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Betrieben sowie zwischen den einzelnen Durchgängen festgestellt wurden. Auch Gelenksveränderungen waren häufige Befunde. Als ein maßgeblicher Faktor für die Gesunderhaltung eines Putenbestandes ist die Befähigung des bestandsbetreuenden Personenkreises anzusehen, gesundheitliche Probleme frühzeitig zu erkennen und zeitnah darauf zu reagieren. Neben der Qualität des Einstreusubstrates inklusive Beurteilung der Kotkonsistenz können Häufigkeit und Ausprägung von Ballenveränderungen wertvolle Hinweise für eine Einschätzung des Tierhaltungsstandards in einem Bestand liefern und sind als wichtige, einfach erfassbare Tierschutzindikatoren einzustufen . Auch Gelenks- und Leberveränderungen sind aufgrund hoher Prävalenzen als relevante Tiergesundheitsparameter zu betrachten, die im Rahmen eines Monitorings routinemäßig erfasst werden sollten

Bioreaktor

DE 102010020231 A1 UPAB: 20101130 NOVELTY - The bioreactor (1) for the conversion of an educt to a product using an biocatalyst, which is reversibly immobilized on and/or in a controllable carrier material (3), comprises a tubular reactor chamber (2), and a supporting body, which is a part of a reactor wall and/or a mounting part and a filling body arranged in the bioreactor during the catalyzed reaction. The carrier material is bound on the surface of the supporting body, and forms a microscale surface layer of the supporting body, where the layer thickness of the microscale surface layer is 20 mu m or less. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The bioreactor (1) for the conversion of an educt to a product using an biocatalyst, which is reversibly immobilized on and/or in a controllable carrier material (3), comprises a tubular reactor chamber (2), and a supporting body, which is a part of a reactor wall and/or a mounting part and a filling body arranged in the bioreactor during the catalyzed reaction. The carrier material is bound on the surface of the supporting body, and forms a microscale surface layer of the supporting body, where the layer thickness of the microscale surface layer is 20 mu m or less. The carrier material forms a nanoscale surface layer of the supporting body, and is chemically, physically and/or mechanically fixed. The carrier material is fixed to an inner lateral surface of the reactor wall limiting the reactor chamber. The carrier material is bound on a cell fabric, polyethylene film or polypropylene film. The release of the biocatalyst by and/or from the carrier material or the immobilization of the biocatalyst on and/or in the carrier material is controllable by a change of the environmental conditions of the carrier material. The carrier material is fixed onto the supporting body for increasing the mechanical stability on and/or in the supporting body with high mass stability of the carrier material. USE - Bioreactor for the conversion of an educt to a product using a biocatalyst for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. ADVANTAGE - The bioreactor ensures simple and cost-effective conversion of the educt to the product with high mechanical stability and high service life, and reduces the formation of unwanted by-products, emissions and waste materials

Urban Mining: Kupfergewinnung durch Zementation von Composite-Verpackungen und Altbeizsäuren

The process design for resource recovery is presented, in which a waste stream of used pickling acid and of composite packaging is combined. Subsequent processing of secondary raw copper as cementation product conserves resources and saves energy. Packaging for liquid food (TetraPak etc.) and for powder is often built up of composites of paper, polyethylene and aluminium. For wet chemical treatment reject material (mostly paper fibre free, rough shredded) was used, which was examined according to its shredding behaviour. Used pickling acids are known in different compositions. The optimal conditions for the process have been identified within the wet chemical experiments. It was demonstrated that the aluminium oxide layer of the reject material could be depassivated by addition of chlorides. Regarding the reductive chemical reaction of the aluminium oxide layer it could be managed to carry out the wet chemical treatment with preservation of the valuable non-ferrous metals. For the wet chemical treatment, a newly developed combined screening stirred reactor proved particularly effective. The process happens in the reactor itself so that the product of the cementation settles and passes the sieve plate. Copper has been determined in fraction between 474 and 860 g/kg in the cementation product. From other Al-containing packaging (blisters etc.) copper has been obtained success fully in the cementation product, too