14 research outputs found
ĂŒber die Inhaltsstoffe des grĂŒnen KnollenblĂ€tterpilzes, LVIII. Einige vom Ketophalloidin abgeleitete, in der biochemischen Forschung anwendbare Dithiolane
Ketophalloidin, [Cyclo(LâalanylâDâthreonylâLâcysteinylâ4âalloâhydroxyâLâprolylâLâalanylâ2âmercaptoâLâtryptophylâ4âoxoâLânorvalyl)âcyclo(3â6)sulfid] (2), aus Phalloidin (1) durch Periodatoxidation erhalten, wurde mit 2,3âDimercaptopropionsĂ€ure zur DithiolancarbonsĂ€ure 3 oder mit 3âAminoâ1,2âpropandithiol zum (Aminomethyl)dithiolan 4 umgesetzt. Verbindung 4 diente als Ausgangssubstanz fĂŒr weitere Derivate: Mit BernsteinsĂ€ureanhydrid entstand die Nâ(3âCarboxypropionyl)verbindung 5, mit Nâ(Iodacetoxy)succinimid die NâIodacetylverbindung 6 und aus ihr durch nucleophile Substitution des Iods durch Azidionen die Azidoacetylverbindung 8. Mit Fluoresceinâisothiocyanat wurde aus 4 das fluorescierende Phallotoxin 7 erhalten, das sich spezifisch â wie alle hier beschriebenen Phalloidinderivate â an den Rezeptor Aktin bindet. Die Derivate 6 und 7 können fĂŒr eine kovalente Bindung an Aktin Verwendung finden (AffinitĂ€tsmarkierung), die funktionellen Derivate 3, 4 und 5 wurden mittels eines wasserlöslichen Carbodiimids mit Rinderserumalbumin verbunden; das Amin 4 wurde auch mit aktivierter Sepharose zu einem Adsorbens fĂŒr die AffinitĂ€tschromatographie verknĂŒpft
Formation of actin clusters in rat liver parenchymal cells on phalloidin poisoning as visualized by a fluorescent phallotoxin
By staining of cryo-sections of rat liver with a fluorescent phallotoxin, the distribution of filamentous actin in liver cells could be demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. While no untreated livers filamentous actin forms an almost continuous layer at the cell periphery, the poisoning by phalloidin leads to the formation of actin clusters, preferentially located near the cell membrane
The phalloidin binding site of F-actin.
Tritium-containing affinity-labelling derivatives of phalloidin, an alkylating iodoacetyl compound (EAL) and a photolabile, carbene generating diazirine (PAL), have been reacted with rabbit muscle actin, the former after protection of thiol groups with N-ethylmaleimide. Labelled peptides generated by tryptic and/or thermolysin digestion were isolated by paper peptide mapping and characterized by determination of their amino acid sequences. EAL binds to methionine-119 and methionine-355; PAL binds to glutamic acid-117. These residues are located in regions with extremely conserved amino acid sequences. The cleft between the two domains of the actin monomer is suggested as the possible binding site for phalloidin
Fluorescent phallotoxin, a tool for the visualization of cellular actin.
A fluorescent derivative of phalloidin has been synthesized possessing high affinity to filamentous actin. This compound was used for visualization of actin-containing structures in eukaryotic nonmuscle cells. Due to its low molecular weight (1250), fixation for formaldehyde was sufficient to render the membrane permeable for the labeled peptide. Bundles of microfilaments are the predominant pattern in the flat rat kangaroo PtK1 cells, whereas a net of concentric fibers characterizes the more spherical bovine kidney MDBK cells. Specificity of staining was confirmed by competition experiments with unlabeled phalloidin