Thermal analysis and performance properties of thermal protective clothing

In this study, a thermal protective performance (TPP) test was applied for thermal analysis. The thermal analysis by the TPP test was carried out on the single layer-fabrics and their assemblies in two- and three-layerconstructions. The thermal protective performance ratings of these constructions and each single outer layer fabrics were determined Thickness and area mass seem to influence the TPP ratings of single-layer fabrics. Four types of outer layer fabrics and one type of third-layer fabric were also tested in the Du Pont Engineering Fibres Laboratory. The results obtained in our laboratory were compared with Du Pont test results. Also, each fabric was washed 1, 3, 5, and 10 times. TPP ratings, air permeability, area masses and tear strengths of fabrics were measured before and after certain washing cycles. Dimensional changes at the end of washing were also determined The highest TPP ratings were obtained from the three-layer (outer layer + thermal barrier + inner layer) structures. According to the results,fabrics shrink, air permeability values and tear strengths were decreased, and the area mass of test samples increased with the increase in the number of washing cycles. Washings cause a decrease in TPP ratings of single-layer fabrics and an increase in TPP ratings of multi-layer constructions

Application of cyclodextrin to the textile dyeing and washing processes

Cyclodextrins can form inclusion complexes with different molecules with the aid of their special chemical (molecular) structures. Physical and chemical properties of molecules can change after the formation of complex. This special feature enables the usage of dextrins in different industry areas. In this study, applicability of cylcodextrins in textile dyeing and washing processes was investigated. With this aim, beta-cyclodextrin was used in direct dyeing of cellulosic fabrics and in rinsing processes of direct dyed fabrics. Retarder/leveling effect of beta-cyclodextrin in dyeing process has been studied and the results were compared with that of a commercial product. In general, cyclodextrins were used in washing processes to remove the absorbed surfactants. It has been investigated whether this effect was the same for washing of dyed fabrics. Eight different direct dyes, for which the chemical structures are known, were used in dyeing and washing processes, and effect of beta-cyclodextrin on different chemical structures was investigated. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Flame Retardancy Behaviors and Structural Properties of Polypropylene/Nano-SiO2 Composite Textile Filaments

The number of efforts about modifying the properties of polymeric fibers by organic or inorganic particles has increased recently because of high-tech applications of textiles. In addition to these attempts, the discovery of nanotechnology also leads to the development of. nanoparticles for various end uses such as nanocomposite fibers. In this article, we aimed to produce slow burning or flame retardant polypropylene filaments for carpet pile yarns by incorporating SiO2 nanoparticles into polymer. Therefore, we present the preparation of filaments incorporating 0.3, 1, and 3% SiO2 nanoparticles and investigate the effects of nanoparticles on the flame retardancy and structural behavior of filaments. Polypropylene and nanoparticles were compounded by melt-compounding using twin-screw extruder before spinning. Filaments with trilobal cross Sections Were spun using pilot melt spinning equipment. The structural properties of nanocomposite fibers were analyzed using X-ray difractometry, differential scanning calorymetry, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile tests. The flammability behaviors of filaments were evaluated using the oxygen index method. The effect of nanoparticles on structural properties and flame retardancy behaviors of filaments were summarized and discussed. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 111: 2085-2091, 200

Selective Control of Polyamide Dyeing with Acid Dyes Using Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

e effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in the dyeing of polyamide fabric was investigated under conditions that mimic industrial dyebaths where dye mixtures are used. The dyes used were Telon Red BN, Telon Yellow A-2R, and Telon Blue RR. The blue dye complexed with HPβCD whereas the other dyes did not do so under the conditions used. The dyeing results were compared with those obtained using a traditional retarding agent, Albegal B. The exhaustion dyeing data showed that HPβCD mainly affected the dyeing behavior of the blue dye that became encapsulated. In the case of the yellow and red dyes, changes in the overall kinetics of dyeing were observed, resulting in modified exhaustion profiles. In comparison, Albegal B retarded the blue dyeing process and increased the rate of exhaustion of the yellow dye while the exhaustion curve of red dye remained unchanged. The color uniformity of the dyed polyamide was improved when HPβCD was used. This resulted from the more controlled exhaustion rate during the critical phase of the dyeing process.National Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) through Project No. PEst-C/CTM/UI0264/2011.FEDER through Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade - COMPET