Differential expression of HSPA1 and HSPA2 proteins in human tissues; tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical study

In the present study we determined the expression pattern of HSPA1 and HSPA2 proteins in various normal human tissues by tissue-microarray based immunohistochemical analysis. Both proteins belong to the HSPA (HSP70) family of heat shock proteins. The HSPA2 is encoded by the gene originally defined as testis-specific, while HSPA1 is encoded by the stress-inducible genes (HSPA1A and HSPA1B). Our study revealed that both proteins are expressed only in some tissues from the 24 ones examined. HSPA2 was detected in adrenal gland, bronchus, cerebellum, cerebrum, colon, esophagus, kidney, skin, small intestine, stomach and testis, but not in adipose tissue, bladder, breast, cardiac muscle, diaphragm, liver, lung, lymph node, pancreas, prostate, skeletal muscle, spleen, thyroid. Expression of HSPA1 was detected in adrenal gland, bladder, breast, bronchus, cardiac muscle, esophagus, kidney, prostate, skin, but not in other tissues examined. Moreover, HSPA2 and HSPA1 proteins were found to be expressed in a cell-type-specific manner. The most pronounced cell-type expression pattern was found for HSPA2 protein. In the case of stratified squamous epithelia of the skin and esophagus, as well as in ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining respiratory tract, the HSPA2 positive cells were located in the basal layer. In the colon, small intestine and bronchus epithelia HSPA2 was detected in goblet cells. In adrenal gland cortex HSPA2 expression was limited to cells of zona reticularis. The presented results clearly show that certain human tissues constitutively express varying levels of HSPA1 and HSPA2 proteins in a highly differentiated way. Thus, our study can help designing experimental models suitable for cell- and tissue-type-specific functional differences between HSPA2 and HSPA1 proteins in human tissues

The histopathology of bancroftian filariasis revisited: the role of the adult worm in the lymphatic-vessel disease

Although morphology is generally limited to static images, the histopathological features of bancroftian lymphatic disease are presented here in a way that is as dynamic as possible and closely associated with the clinical, ultrasonographic and surgical characteristics. the protean spectrum of alterations seen in the host's lymphatic vessels is discussed, and the changes caused by the live and dead worms are highlighted, as independent events. Evidence of a remodelling process, in which the lymphatic endothelial cells appear to have a key role, is provided for the first time. Despite many new pieces of information, there remain many 'blank pages' in the natural history of bancroftian filariasis.Univ Fed Pernambuco, Hosp Clin, Dept Cirurgia, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Fed Pernambuco, Dept Patol, LIKA, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Disciplina Urol, Lab Reprod Humana, BR-04025010 São Paulo, BrazilFiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Disciplina Urol, Lab Reprod Humana, BR-04025010 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Pathogenesis of filarial hydrocele: risk associated with intrascrotal nodules caused by death of adult Wuchereria bancrofti

Although testicular hydrocele is the most common clinical manifestation of bancroftian filariasis, its pathogenesis is poorly understood, as is its relationship to inflammatory scrotal nodules following death of adult Wuchereria bancrofti. Between 1994 and 1998, we prospectively determined the incidence and clinical evolution of nodule-associated acute hydrocele in men attending 2 outpatient clinics in Recife, Brazil who were infected with W. bancrofti, had living adult worms detectable by ultrasound in the intrascrotal lymphatic vessels, and were scheduled for treatment with 6 mg/kg diethylcarbamazine (DEC). A total of 132 men developed 173 scrotal nodules 1-7 (mean 4.2) d after DEC treatment and another 47 developed 58 spontaneous nodules before they received DEC treatment. These 179 men with a single 'nodule event' (simultaneous development of greater than or equal to 1 scrotal nodules) were followed-up by serial physical and ultrasound examinations for 18 months. Overall, 40 (22.3%) men developed acute hydrocele, 3 of whom underwent biopsy and hydrocele repair. of the remaining 37 men, 9 (24.3%) developed chronic hydrocele and 28 had acute hydrocele resolution within 14-210 (mean 60.9) d. Rate of chronic hydrocele was similar for men who received DEC and those with spontaneous nodules. Seventeen (42.5%) men with hydrocele had multiple scrotal nodules, compared with 28 (20.1%) men who did not develop hydrocele (P= 0.007). of 134 men with single nodules, superior paratesticular nodules were found in 56.5% and 29.7% of those with and without hydrocele, respectively (P= 0.02). Acute hydrocele occurs frequently following death of adult W. bancrofti and single episodes of scrotal nodule formation. Chronic hydrocele may develop following 5.1% of these episodes.Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Cirurgia, Serv Urol, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Fed Pernambuco, NEPAF, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, BrazilCtr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Urol, São Paulo, BrazilLab Imunopatol Keizo Asami, Recife, PE, BrazilFiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Fed Pernambuco, Dept Trop Med, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Urol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Tuberculosis of seminal vesicles as a cause of aspermia

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Urol, Human Reprod Div, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Urol, Human Reprod Div, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc