A feynman path integral representation for elastic wave scattering by anisotropic weakly perturbations

We write a space-time Feynman path integral representation for scattered elastic wave fields from a weakly compact supported anisotropic non-homogeneity.Replacement by a new version where We (I!) propose a new tomographic inversion methodology based solely in the wave sampling of the Ray paths through Monte Carlo path integral sampling Holding thus great potentiality for Navy's advanced Sonar detection .Comment: 8 page

Why business angels reject investment opportunities: Is it personal?

A major focus of research on business angels has examined their decision-making processes and investment criteria. As business angels reject most of the opportunities that they receive, this article explores the reasons informing such decisions. In view of angel heterogeneity, investment opportunities might be expected to be rejected for differing reasons. Two sources of data are used to examine this issue. Face-to-face interviews with 30 business angels in Scotland and Northern Ireland provided information on typical ‘deal killers’. This was complemented by an Internet survey of United Kingdom that attracted responses from 238 UK business angels. The findings confirm that the main reason for rejection relates to the entrepreneur/management team. However, angel characteristics do not explain the number of reasons given for opportunity rejection nor do they predict the reasons for rejecting investment opportunities. This could be related to the increasing trend for business angels to join organised groups which, in turn, leads to the development of a shared repertoire of investment approaches. We suggest the concept of ‘communities-of-practice’ as an explanation for this finding

Bargaining behavior, demographics and nationality: a reconsideration of the experimental evidence

Bargaining behavior appears to vary across nations. What drives these apparent differences? We reconsider the evidence provided by previous experiments, and undertake some new experiments that expand the controls for demographics. We show that inferences about country effects are sensitive to the way in which the data are analyzed and the controls that are incorporated. Separating out differences in initial behavior versus trend shows significant differences in both. Adding interaction effects between countries, gender, and ethnic background shows that cultural differences are more complex than the factors captured by either nationality or gender alone. Some subgroups behave in ways which are clearly closer to the subgame perfect equilibrium prediction than others.

Culture, nationality and demographics in ultimatum games

We use experimental data collected in Russia and in the United States using a simple ultimatum game to evaluate two alternative hypotheses that may account for previously observed behavior in multinational experiments. One hypothesis postulates that behavioral differences observed in bargaining experiments arise from country-specific cultural environments. We submit the alternative hypothesis that different behavior in such experiments stems from differences in the demographic characteristics of the subject pools within each country. Because of its simplicity, our experimental design allows us to discriminate between these two hypotheses. Our findings support the alternative hypothesis.multinational experiments, ultimatum bargaining

Mycobacterium bovis infections in Portugal: Spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing of animal isolates

Tuberculosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. Although human cases due to Mycobacterium bovis, the aetiological agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), considerably decreased in most industrialized countries, the possible zoonotic health hazard and the considerable economic losses it brings justify significant efforts to eradicate the disease in several countries. In Portugal, although a systematic slaughter policy of tuberculin reactive animals has been ongoing for several years, eradication is far from being achieved. In order to clarify possible infection sources and transmission routes, molecular typing of Portuguese M. bovis animal strains was undertaken. Two typing methods directed on potentially polymorphic genomic regions were chosen: Spoligotyping, a reverse line blot hybridization technique that evaluates the presence or absence of 43 oligonucleotide sequences in the Direct Repeat genomic region, and MIRU-VNTR (Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units- Variable Number Tandem Repeats) typing of 8 selected minisatellite like loci