Микробиологическое исследование эффективности обработки корневого канала эрбиевым лазером

Mechanical and drug treatment of the root canal are the most important components of the success of endodontic treatment. This work presents the results on the effectiveness of the root canal disinfection using an erbium laser in combination with a 17% solution of ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in vitro and in clinical studies. An in vitro study was carried out on removed intact teeth infected with strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Candida albicans. An experimental group of teeth was treated medically according to a standard protocol using 3% solution of sodium hypochlorite and 17% solution of EDTA followed by irradiation with erbium laser. The control group was treated similarly but without laser irradiation. The treatment effectiveness was evaluated by the reduction of CFU. After the treatment, in the control group after the mechanical and drug treatment, the CFU amount lowered by 4 times, while the complete sterilization was observed in the experimental group. The clinical studies included two groups of 35 patients each diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. In the experimental group of patients, at the final stage, treatment with erbium laser for 1 min using endodontic piece (40 mJ power, 2940 nm wavelength, 10 Hz pulse rate) and a 17% EDTA solution was performed before filling. Periodontitis treatment in the control group was carried out without the laser treatment. The control group of patients saw the reduction on CFU after the mechanical and drug treatment by 3–6 times, while the experimental group achieved the complete sterilization of the root canals. The obtained results prove that the modification of the root canal treatment by the inclusion of erbium laser irradiation is a promising direction in endodontics.Механическая и медикаментозная обработка корневого канала – важнейшие составляющие успеха эндодонтического лечения. В статье представлены результаты исследования эффективности дезинфекционной обработки корневого канала 17%-ым раствором этилендиаминтетрауксусной кислоты (ЭДТА) в сочетании с эрбиевым лазером (Er:YAG) in vitro и в клинических исследованиях. Исследование in vitro выполнено на интактных удаленных зубах, инфицированных штаммами Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus sanguinis и Candida albicans. Опытную группу зубов обрабатывали медикаментозно по стандартному протоколу с использованием 3%-го раствора гипохлорита натрия и 17%-го раствора ЭДТА с последующим облучением эрбиевым лазером. Обработку контрольной группы зубов проводили анало гичным образом, но без облучения лазером. Эффективность обработки оценивали по уменьшению титра КОЕ. В контрольной группе титр КОЕ после механической и медикаментозной обработки снизился в 4 раза, а в опытной группе была достигнута полная стерилизация корневых каналов. В клинические исследования были включены две группы пациентов по 35 человек с диагнозом хронический пародонтит. В опытной группе пациентов на последнем этапе лечения проводили обработку корневых каналов эрбиевым лазером в течение одной минуты эндодонтической насадкой с энергией 40 мДж с длиной волны 2940 нм, при частоте импульса 10 Гц с 17%-ым раствором ЭДТА и обтурировали. В контрольной группе проводили лечение периодонтита без обработки лазером. В контрольной группе пациентов титр КОЕ после механической и медикаментозной обработки снизился в 3–6 раз, а в опытной группе была достигнута полная стерилизация корневых каналов. Полученные результаты доказывают, что модификация протокола обработки корневого канала излучением эрбиевого лазера является перспективным направлением в эндодонтии

Dermacentor reticulatus: a vector on the rise

Dermacentor reticulatus is a hard tick species with extraordinary biological features. It has a high reproduction rate, a rapid developmental cycle, and is also able to overcome years of unfavourable conditions. Dermacentor reticulatus can survive under water for several months and is cold-hardy even compared to other tick species. It has a wide host range: over 60 different wild and domesticated hosts are known for the three active developmental stages. Its high adaptiveness gives an edge to this tick species as shown by new data on the emergence and establishment of D. reticulatus populations throughout Europe. The tick has been the research focus of a growing number of scientists, physicians and veterinarians. Within the Web of Science database, more than a fifth of the over 700 items published on this species between 1897 and 2015 appeared in the last three years (2013–2015). Here we attempt to synthesize current knowledge on the systematics, ecology, geographical distribution and recent spread of the species and to highlight the great spectrum of possible veterinary and public health threats it poses. Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis is a severe leading canine vector-borne disease in many endemic areas. Although less frequently than Ixodes ricinus, D. reticulatus adults bite humans and transmit several Rickettsia spp., Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus or Tick-borne encephalitis virus. We have not solely collected and reviewed the latest and fundamental scientific papers available in primary databases but also widened our scope to books, theses, conference papers and specialists colleagues’ experience where needed. Besides the dominant literature available in English, we also tried to access scientific literature in German, Russian and eastern European languages as well. We hope to inspire future research projects that are necessary to understand the basic life-cycle and ecology of this vector in order to understand and prevent disease threats. We conclude that although great strides have been made in our knowledge of the eco-epidemiology of this species, several gaps still need to be filled with basic research, targeting possible reservoir and vector roles and the key factors resulting in the observed geographical spread of D. reticulatus. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1599-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference: summary of sessions EX/C and ICC

An overview is given of recent experimental results in the areas of innovative confinement concepts, operational scenarios and confinement experiments as presented at the 2010 IAEA Fusion Energy Conference. Important new findings are presented from fusion devices worldwide, with a strong focus towards the scientific and technical issues associated with ITER and W7-X devices, presently under construction

Different myofilament nearest-neighbor interactions have distinctive effects on contractile behavior.

Cooperativity in contractile behavior of myofilament systems almost assuredly arises because of interactions between neighboring sites. These interactions may be of different kinds. Tropomyosin thin-filament regulatory units may have neighbors in steric blocking positions (off) or steric permissive positions (on). The position of these neighbors influence the tendency for the regulatory unit to assume the on or off state. Likewise, the tendency of a myosin cross-bridge to achieve a force-bearing state may be influenced by whether neighboring cross-bridges are in force-bearing states. Also, a cross-bridge in the force-bearing state may influence the tendency of a regulatory unit to enter the on state. We used a mathematical model to examine the influence of each of these three kinds of neighbor interactions on the steady-state force-pCa relation and on the dynamic force redevelopment process. Each neighbor interaction was unique in its effects on maximal Ca(2+)-activated force, position, and symmetry of the force-pCa curve and on the Hill coefficient. Also, each neighbor interaction had a distinctive effect on the time course of force development as assessed by its rate coefficient, k(dev). These diverse effects suggest that variations in all three kinds of nearest-neighbor interactions may be responsible for a wide variety of currently unexplained observations of myofilament contractile behavior

Anatomy of the root canal system of the mandible teeth according to cone-beam computed tomography

The article presents information on root canal anatomy for the mandibular teeth among the residents of the Moscow region obtained by cone-beam computed tomography. The achievements of science and technology in recent years allow a wide use of cone-beam computed tomography to study the anatomy of the root canal system, which is extremely important for dentists working in endodontic practice