Code Switching in Classroom Discourse: a Sociolinguistic Study

This research attempts to find out the most frequently used type and the function of codeswitching, also the implication of code-switching towards the teaching and learning situation in two classrooms of the fourth semester at English Education Department, University of Mataram. The descriptive qualitative method was adopted in conducting this method. The data collection was done through observation, recording and interview. The results of this study showed that three are types of code-switching are found in 129 utterances which contain code-switching in the classrooms. The most frequently used type was Intra-sentential switching, which appeared in 70,5% of the utterances, followed by tag switching (16,2%) and inter-sentential switching (13,1%). There were two functions of code-switching found in this study, they ware translation and communicative function which included motivating, giving feedback, checking comprehension, joking, and expressing state of mind. The implication of code-switching in teaching and learning situation was considered as one of the good strategies to built an efficient and conducive teaching and learning situation in the classrooms, as it is necessary in certain condition and still hard to avoid since it is helpful for material explanation as well as an ice breaker

Modal Sosial Budaya dan Kondisi Lingkungan Sehat dalam Pembinaan Prestasi Olahraga Pelajar

Prestasi Jambi pada Pekan Olahraga Pelajar Nasional mengalami fluktuasi dan cenderung mengalami penurunan. Lemahnya pembinaan ditandai dengan sulitnya menemukan bakat atelt potensial, ini tampak seperti kurang seriusnya para pelatih atau pengurus dalam menjalankan roda pembinaan. Perlu dilakukan upaya pemberdayaan Pusat Pendidikan dan Latihan Olahraga Pelajar (PPLP) agar dapat memberikan konstribusi optimal dalam pencapaian prestasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2013 dengan menggunakan pendekatan diskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif, melalui tahapan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, dan verifikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dukungan sosial budaya dalam pembinaan PPLP di Provinsi Jambi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial budaya baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap dukungan pembinaan prestasi olahraga PPLP di Provinsi Jambi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan bahwa asosiasi lokal dan karakter masyarakat secara bersama-sama dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan ekonomi keluarga, semakin tinggi tingkat modal sosial yang ada di masyarakat maka tingkat kesejahteraan ekonomi semakin baik dan dapat mendukung pembinaan prestasi olahraga di Provinsi Jambi.Jambi Achievement in National Sport School Championship get fluctuation and tend to degradation ability. The Weak of Training like difficult to find the potential talent athlete, its can see like less serious from all coach or manager in development process. Require effort of Training and exercise of student sport centre (PPLP) can give the optimal contribution in sport achievement. This research has been done on 2013 used the approach descriptive qualitative with the approach phenomenology. The research data related to athlete, coach, manager of PPLP and elite figure of society. The Technique of data collecting by observation, interview, and documentation. The purpose of this research is to determine the social culture support in training PPLP in Jambi. The Result of research indicate that the basic social culture either through direct and also indirectly have a real influence to training achievement of PPLP Jambi. The conclusion this research is prove that by together local association and society character can influence the family economic prosperity, the higher of social basic in society the good economic prosperity progressively too can support the development achievement sport in Jambi

Galactic cosmic rays on extrasolar Earth-like planets I. Cosmic ray flux

(abridged abstract) Theoretical arguments indicate that close-in terrestial exoplanets may have weak magnetic fields, especially in the case of planets more massive than Earth (super-Earths). Planetary magnetic fields, however, constitute one of the shielding layers that protect the planet against cosmic-ray particles. In particular, a weak magnetic field results in a high flux of Galactic cosmic rays that extends to the top of the planetary atmosphere. We wish to quantify the flux of Galactic cosmic rays to an exoplanetary atmosphere as a function of the particle energy and of the planetary magnetic moment. We numerically analyzed the propagation of Galactic cosmic-ray particles through planetary magnetospheres. We evaluated the efficiency of magnetospheric shielding as a function of the particle energy (in the range 16 MeV $\le$ E $\le$ 524 GeV) and as a function of the planetary magnetic field strength (in the range 0 ${M}_\oplus$ $\le$ {M} $\le$ 10 ${M}_\oplus$). Combined with the flux outside the planetary magnetosphere, this gives the cosmic-ray energy spectrum at the top of the planetary atmosphere as a function of the planetary magnetic moment. We find that the particle flux to the planetary atmosphere can be increased by more than three orders of magnitude in the absence of a protecting magnetic field. For a weakly magnetized planet (${M}=0.05\,{M}_{\oplus}$), only particles with energies below 512 MeV are at least partially shielded. For a planet with a magnetic moment similar to Earth, this limit increases to 32 GeV, whereas for a strongly magnetized planet ($M=10.0\,{M}_{\oplus}$), partial shielding extends up to 200 GeV. We find that magnetic shielding strongly controls the number of cosmic-ray particles reaching the planetary atmosphere. The implications of this increased particle flux are discussed in a companion article.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures; accepted in A&

Modal Sosial Pedagang Sayur-sayuran di Pasar Dewi Sartika Duri

This thesis is submitted in order to qualify holds a Bachelor of Sociology. With the title"Social Capital Traders Vegetables In The Market Dewi Sartika Duri". Issues discussed in this thesis is How the social capital Merchants Vegetables and how the mutual relationship with the merchant traders, merchants with farmers and traders with the agent in the Market Dewi Sartika Duri. Subjects in this study were 7 people. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling technique. Purposive sampling is taking the subject of research done on purpose, which in accordance with the requirements of informants in need. The method used is a qualitative research method because this method explain any concerns regarding this title is descriptive. Instrument data filtering is observation, questionnaires and documents. The theory used is the theory of social capital where there must be trust, networks and norms. The results were made public, the writer can say that there are two forms of network formed from the interaction of social actors in the market Dewi Sartika is a network of strong and weak ties. Network that has a strong bond that is the relationship between merchants with fellow market traders Dewi Sartika, customers and agents.While those with weak bonds that trader with market managers Dewi Sartika. In the market there are Norma Dewi Sartika governing that serves to maintain market stability Dewi Sartika. Market Dewi Sartika Duri, mutually beneficial relationship occurs only between sellers and buyers, traders with an agent. In case this happens sutu needs that must be fulfilled in the Market Dewi Sartika Duri for the creation of the economic process

Implementasi Naive Bayes Classifier Pada Program Bantu Penentuan Buku Referensi Matakuliah

Perpustakaan adalah bagian yang penting dari suatu Universitas karenamenyediakan buku-buku referensi. Kesulitan yang terjadi adalah ketika perpustakaanharus mengidentifikasi buku-buku referensi tersebut sesuai dengan matakuliahnya.Ada beberapa buku yang sering dijadikan referensi bersama atas beberapamatakuliah. Ada juga buku-buku yang dijadikan referensi tunggal suatu matakuliah,tetapi bahasan materi matakuliah yang bersangkutan tidak dibahas secara optimaldalam buku referensi tersebut. Setiap matakuliah memiliki silabus perkuliahan yangberisi materi-materi dan disusun berdasarkan buku-buku referensi utama danreferensi pendukung dari matakuliah tersebut. Proses klasifikasi akan dilakukanmenggunakan metodeNaiue BayesianClassifier (NBC). Dalampenelitianini, prosesHasifikasi buku referensi buku menggunakan metode Naive Bayesian memiliki nilaipresisi 6g%.Dalammelaksanakan tugasnya untuk mengklasifikasikan daftar isi bukureferensi sistem dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti pola data dan jumlah datatraining

Flexible Coloring

Motivated by reliability considerations in data deduplication for storage systems, we introduce the problem of flexible coloring. Given a hypergraph H and the number of allowable colors k, a flexible coloring of H is an assignment of one or more colors to each vertex such that, for each hyperedge, it is possible to choose a color from each vertex’s color list so that this hyperedge is strongly colored (i.e., each vertex has a different color). Different colors for the same vertex can be chosen for different incident hyperedges (hence the term flexible). The goal is to minimize color consumption, namely, the total number of colors assigned, counting multiplicities. Flexible coloring is NP-hard and trivially s − (s−1)k n approximable, where s is the size of the largest hyperedge, and n is the number of vertices. Using a recent result by Bansal and Khot, we show that if k is constant, then it is UGC-hard to approximate to within a factor of s − ε, for arbitrarily small constant ε> 0. s − (s−1)k k ′ Lastly, we present an algorithm with an approximation ratio, where k ′ is number of colors used by a strong coloring algorithm for H. Keywords: graph coloring, hardness of approximatio

Warm tachyonic inflation in warped background

We analyze warm tachyonic inflation, proposed in the literature, but from the viewpoint of four dimensional effective action for tachyon field on a non-BPS D3-brane. We find that consistency with observational data on density perturbation and validity of effective action requires warped compactification. The number of background branes which source the flux is found to be of the order of 10 in contrast to the order of $10^{14}$ in the standard cold inflationary scenario.Comment: 9 pages, RevTe

Galactic cosmic rays on extrasolar Earth-like planets: II. Atmospheric implications

(abridged abstract) Theoretical arguments indicate that close-in terrestial exoplanets may have weak magnetic fields. As described in the companion article (Paper I), a weak magnetic field results in a high flux of galactic cosmic rays to the top of the planetary atmosphere. We investigate effects that may result from a high flux of galactic cosmic rays both throughout the atmosphere and at the planetary surface. Using an air shower approach, we calculate how the atmospheric chemistry and temperature change under the influence of galactic cosmic rays for Earth-like (N_2-O_2 dominated) atmospheres. We evaluate the production and destruction rate of atmospheric biosignature molecules. We derive planetary emission and transmission spectra to study the influence of galactic cosmic rays on biosignature detectability. We then calculate the resulting surface UV flux, the surface particle flux, and the associated equivalent biological dose rates. We find that up to 20% of stratospheric ozone is destroyed by cosmic-ray protons. The reduction of the planetary ozone layer leads to an increase in the weighted surface UV flux by two orders of magnitude under stellar UV flare conditions. The resulting biological effective dose rate is, however, too low to strongly affect surface life. We also examine the surface particle flux: For a planet with a terrestrial atmosphere, a reduction of the magnetic shielding efficiency can increase the biological radiation dose rate by a factor of two. For a planet with a weaker atmosphere (with a surface pressure of 97.8 hPa), the planetary magnetic field has a much stronger influence on the biological radiation dose, changing it by up to two orders of magnitude.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, published in A&

Ultra-high neutrino fluxes as a probe for non-standard physics

We examine how light neutrinos coming from distant active galactic nuclei (AGN) and similar high energy sources may be used as tools to probe non-standard physics. In particular we discuss how studying the energy spectra of each neutrino flavour coming from such distant sources and their distortion relative to each other may serve as pointers to exotic physics such as neutrino decay, Lorentz symmetry violation, pseudo-Dirac effects, CP and CPT violation and quantum decoherence. This allows us to probe hitherto unexplored ranges of parameters for the above cases, for example lifetimes in the range $10^{-3}-10^{4}$ s/eV for the case of neutrino decay. We show that standard neutrino oscillations ensure that the different flavours arrive at the earth with similar shapes even if their flavour spectra at source may differ strongly in both shape and magnitude. As a result, observed differences between the spectra of various flavours at the detector would be signatures of non-standard physics altering neutrino fluxes during propagation rather than those arising during their production at source. Since detection of ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrinos is perhaps imminent, it is possible that such differences in spectral shapes will be tested in neutrino detectors in the near future. To that end, using the IceCube detector as an example, we show how our results translate to observable shower and muon-track event rates.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure