Signals in the Soil: An Introduction to Wireless Underground Communications

In this chapter, wireless underground (UG) communications are introduced. A detailed overview of WUC is given. A comprehensive review of research challenges in WUC is presented. The evolution of underground wireless is also discussed. Moreover, different component of UG communications is wireless. The WUC system architecture is explained with a detailed discussion of the anatomy of an underground mote. The examples of UG wireless communication systems are explored. Furthermore, the differences of UG wireless and over-the-air wireless are debated. Different types of wireless underground channel (e.g., In-Soil, Soil-to-Air, and Air-to-Soil) are reported as well

Anisotropy and bedding effects on the hydro geological regime in a confined aquifer to design an appropriate dewatering system

Prediction of groundwater inflow into mining excavations is very important in order to design an effective dewatering system to keep the mine workings dry and create prolonged cone of depression. The effects of anisotropy ratio and bedding on the hydraulic head and drawdown curves of a dewatering test carried out in a fully penetrating well in a confined aquifer have been investigated. An existing numerical finite element model has been used to perform the simulations. The results of the numerical model are compared to those from analytical Jacob and Lohman solution for estimating hydraulic heads and drawdown curves. It was found that the anisotropy ratio and bedding should not have a significant effect on drawdown and the quantity of inflow into a confined aquifer. It was further found that taking the simultaneous effects of anisotropy and bedding into account reduces the differences in the results of analytical and numerical methods. Comparison of the field data and model predictions showed that, the modelling results for a three layer anisotropic aquifer fit well to the field data than those results obtained for a single layer aquifer and the relative error decreased from 4.81 % to 2.98 %

Anisotropy and bedding effects on the hydro geological regime in a confined aquifer to design an appropriate dewatering system

Prediction of groundwater inflow into mining excavations is very important in order to design an effective dewatering system to keep the mine workings dry and create prolonged cone of depression. The effects of anisotropy ratio and bedding on the hydraulic head and drawdown curves of a dewatering test carried out in a fully penetrating well in a confined aquifer have been investigated. An existing numerical finite element model has been used to perform the simulations. The results of the numerical model are compared to those from analytical Jacob and Lohman solution for estimating hydraulic heads and drawdown curves. It was found that the anisotropy ratio and bedding should not have a significant effect on drawdown and the quantity of inflow into a confined aquifer. It was further found that taking the simultaneous effects of anisotropy and bedding into account reduces the differences in the results of analytical and numerical methods. Comparison of the field data and model predictions showed that, the modelling results for a three layer anisotropic aquifer fit well to the field data than those results obtained for a single layer aquifer and the relative error decreased from 4.81 % to 2.98 %