Total sialic acid, oxidative stress and histopathological changes in rainbow trout saprolegniasis (oncorhynchus mykiss)

Saprolegniasis is known as one of the most important fungal diseases of salmonids along with high mortality and economic problems. One hundred and seven fish suffering from cutaneous Saprolegnia infections and the same number of healthy fish were selected and blood parameters along with histopathology assay were performed in all ones. The results indicated a significant increase (P≤0.01) in total sialic acid, malondialdehyde, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein in plasma and a decrease in glucose, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and paraoxonase. Meanwhile, no significant alterations of alanine aminotransferase and superoxide dismutase were revealed in infected fish. Also, the histopathological findings observed in liver, especially glycogen storage and fatty inclusion and melanomacrophage centres in spleen. Tubular vascular degeneration along with cystic formation was identified in kidney. The results suggest that saprolegniasis develops substantial histopathological and blood profile changes in rainbow trout and recommend to pay more attention on some biochemical profiles such as MDA and TSA, due to cell health and defence against fungus on the skin respectively, along with hepatocyte function index (aspartate aminotransferase) and nitrogen metabolism (creatinine and urea) during disease management

Plasma Paraoxonase, Sphingosine-1-phosphate, Total Sialic Acid, and Heat Shock Protein-27 in the Liver of the Sheep Naturally Infected with Cysticercus Tenuicollis: Evidence on Pathological Changes

The present study aimed to investigate whether sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), paraoxonase (PON), total sialic acid (TSA), and heat shock protein-27 (HSP27) are altered in the sheep during infection of the liver with Cysticercus tenuicollis. This study was conducted on40 healthy sheep and40 sheep with Cysticercus tenuicollis infection. The infected and non-infected animals were selected based on the observation of severe Cysticercus tenuicollis infection in the liver and absence of any hepatic cysts, respectively. All parameters were measured in serum and plasma. The results revealed a significant decrease (

Silymarin potentiates the anti-inflammatory effects of Celecoxib on chemically induced osteoarthritis in rats

Silymarin (SMN) is used as an antioxidant complex to attenuate the pro-oxidant effects of toxic agents. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of SMN, Celecoxib (CLX) individually and in combination on monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) in rat. Forty adult Wistar rats were assigned to control and test groups. Animals in the test group following OA induction were subdivided into 4 subgroups according to the treatment profile: OA+; received saline normal (5ml/kg, b.w.), OA+CLX+; received CLX (100mg/kg, orally), OA+SMN+, received SMN (50mg/kg, orally), and OA+CLX+SMN+, received both CLX and SMN. The animals received test compounds by gastric gavage for 14 consecutive days. Animals in the OA+ group showed a significant (p<0.01) increase in serum and synovial levels of IL-1β, while both test compounds reduced the IL-1β level. Both CLX and SMN lowered the OA-increased level of malondialdehyde by 77 and 79 and nitric oxide by 73 and 76, respectively, in the synovial tissue. Special safranin O (SO) histopathological staining revealed that CLX and SMN improved the MIA-induced destruction and fibrillation in cartilage surface. CLX and SMN regulated the MIA-up regulated IL-1β at mRNA level. The combination therapy resulted in an additive effect between CLX and SMN in biochemical, histopathological and molecular assays. These findings suggest that SMN exerts anti-inflammatory effect and also potentiates the anti-inflammatory effect of CLX on MIA-induced OA. The anti-inflammatory property of SMN may attribute to its antioxidant capacity, which affects the proinflammatory mediators at translational and transcriptional level

A Servey on the prevalence rate of Linguatula serrata in stary dogs of the city of Urmia

Linguatla serrata is a zoonotic parasite which causes different forms of liguatulosis in humans, carnivores and ruminants. The most important way of human infection is injection of vegetables, fruits and water contaminated by parasite eggs and through nasal and oral secretions and feces of carnivorous especially stray dogs. Also, consumption of raw and under cook meat of sheep, goats, cattle and other herbivores is another risk factor in human infection by Linguatla serrata.  This study was conducted in order to determine the infection rate of dogs by Linguatla serrata in the city of Urmia. In the present study, 37 dogs including 22 male and 15 female animals from different parts of the city were studied. The frontal sinuses, nasal turbinates, brain cavity, nasopharynx and eustachian tubes were examined for adult Linguatla serrata. The recovered parasites were fixed in 10% formalin solution, cleared by lactophenol and stained with azocarmin. Thirty of the studied dogs (81.01%) were infected by Linguatla serrata. The results indicated that body weight, age, sex and geographical locations had no significant effect in the prevalence rate of the parasite. The number of parasites recovered from each dog ranged from 1 to 7 with an average of 2.93 in each dog. The length of the mature linguatula varied from 35-50 mm in females and 2-18 mm in males. The greatest number of parasites was found in the cranial part of the frontal sinus with 7 parasites

Allelic frequency and genotypes of prion protein at codon 136 and 171 in Iranian Ghezel sheep breeds

PrP genotypes at codons 136 and 171 in 120 Iranian Ghezel sheep breeds were studied using allele-specific PCR amplification and compared with the well-known sheep breeds in North America, the United States and Europe. The frequency of V allele and VV genotype at codon 136 of Ghezel sheep breed was significantly lower than AA and AV. At codon 171, the frequency of allele H was significantly lower than Q and R. Despite the similarities of PrP genotypes at codons 136 and 171 between Iranian Ghezel sheep breeds and some of the studied breeds, significant differences were found with others. Planning of effective breeding control and successful eradication of susceptible genotypes in Iranian Ghezel sheep breeds will not be possible unless the susceptibility of various genotypes in Ghezel sheep breeds to natural or experimental scrapie has been elucidated