Comparison of the Combining Methods Used In Space Diversity

The basic concept of diversity; where two or more inputs at the receiver are used to get uncorrelated signals. The aim of this paper is an attempt to compare some possible combinations of diversity reception and MLSE detection techniques. Various diversity combining techniques can be distinguished: Equal Gain Combining (EGC), Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC), Selection Combining and Selection Switching Combining (SS).The simulation results shows that the MRC give better performance than the other types of combining (about 1 dB compare with EGC and 2.5~3 dB compare with selection and selection switching combining)

ADAPTIVE CYCLIC PREFIX LENGTH FOR CONVOLUITIONAL CODE OFDM SYSTEM IN FREQUENCY SELECTIVE CHANNEL

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of recent years multicarrier modulation used in order to combat the Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) introduced by frequency selective mobile radio channel. The circular extension of the data symbol, commonly referred to as cyclic prefix is one of the key elements in an OFDM transmission scheme. This paper study The influence of the cyclic prefix duration on the BER performance of an OFDM-VCPL (Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing - Variable Cyclic Prefix Length) system and the conventional OFDM system with frame 64-QAM modulation is evaluated by means of computer simulation in a multipath fading channel. The adaptation of CP is done with respect to the delay spread estimation of the channel

Some Properties of Odd Neighbor in Dc Dominating Sets

In this work, the study will continue of odd neighbor in Dc domination in graphs. The bounded of this number in general is determined. Also, the bound of this number in the graph which have at least three vertices of degree the order of the graph mines two is calculated. Moreover, compute this number for complement of tree is discussed. Finally, When is this number equal to one? in a graph and complement of a graph are been presented

Helicobacter Pylori-oncogenic Protein Cytotoxin-associated Gene A and Assessment of CD14 and CD163 in Duodenal Ulcer and Gastric Cancer Patients

Nearly half of the world's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori). A duodenal ulcer or stomach cancer can be caused by the infection by this bacterium. The aim of this work is to assess the levels of CD14 and CD163 in H.Pylori-positive patients infected with duodenal ulcer (DU) and gastric cancer (GC) and determine the prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori-oncogenic protein cytotoxin-associated gene A strains (H.pylori-CagA).  This study included 89 individuals distributed as follows: 20 healthy individuals as controls and 69 patients infected with H. Pylori have been divided as follows: 27 patients infected with H.pylori only (H.Pylori+), 22 H.pylori+DU and 20 H.pylori+GC. H. Pylori-oncogenic protein cytotoxin-associated gene A strains (H-pylori-CagA) were diagnosed based on a qualitative reverse-phase Enzyme Immunoassay Technique. CD163 and CD14 were measured in all individuals' serum using the Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) test.  Out of 69 patients infected with H.pylori, there was one CagA strain in H.pylori+; two and five strains were recorded in H.pylori+DU and H.pylori+GC, respectively. CD14 and CD163 serum concentrations were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in H. pylori+, H. pylori+DU and H. pylori+GC than in controls. Conclusions: Patients with CagA strains infection are at risk of developing a duodenal ulcer and stomach cancer

Evaluation of Eosinophilic Cationic Protein and Some Immunological Markers in Patients Infected with Scabies

The current study is trying to identify some effects of scabies on some vital indicators such as (ECP, IgE, MCP-1 and IL-17). The results showed that levels of ECP has significant increase (P<0.05 (9569.3 ±256.10 pg /ml), (9872.9± 260.50) respectively in comparison with the control group (7665.2 ± 385.72 pg /ml), (7834.1± 251.43 pg /ml) respectively, The result proved that there was the significant increase (P (9721.1 ±181.15 pg /ml), (7749.7± 226.75) respectively in concentration of (ECP) in patients with S. scabiei and total healthy individuals. The levels of IgE had significant increase (P (284.8 ±34.05 IU /ml), (249.85± 13.682 IU /ml) respectively in comparison with the control group (119.5 ± 11.24 IU /ml), (108.77± 8.3 IU /ml) respectively. The result indicate that there was significant increase (P (267.134 ±18. 334 IU /ml), (114.13± 6.94 IU /ml) respectively in concentration of (IgE) in total patients infected with S. scabiei and total control group. The levels of MCP-1 has significant increase (P (271.76 ±29. 88 pg /ml), (246.983± 27.57 pg /ml) respectively in comparison with the control group (153. 27 ± 21.071pg/ml), (154.67± 22.973 pg /ml) respectively, Also it revealed the significant increase (P (259.29±20. 22 pg /ml), (153. 97± 15.21 pg /ml) respectively in concentration of (MCP-1) in S. scabiei patients and total healthy individuals. IL-17 had significant increase (P (16.318 ±0. 71 pg /ml), (16.847± 0.58 pg /ml) respectively in comparison with the control group (5. 6009 ±0. 45 pg/ml), (5.2023± 0. 35 pg /ml) respectively. The current study shows that there was significant increase (P (16.583±0. 45pg /ml), (16.4016± 0.28 pg /ml) respectively in concentration of (IL-17) in total patients infected with S. scabiei and total healthy individuals. The levels of IL-2 had significant increase (P (21.14 ±0. 8081 pg /ml), (21.800± 1.0644 pg /ml) respectively in comparison with total healthy individuals (7. 447 ±0. 2422 pg/ml), (7.7235± 0. 1716 pg /ml) respectively, Also it revealed the significant increase (P (20.972±0. 6626pg /ml), (7.5853± 0.1480 pg /ml) respectively in concentration of (IL-2) in total patients infected with S. scabiei and total control group. Conclusions: the results indicate that infection of scabies influences on the human immunity represented by the ECP, IgE MCP-1 and IL-17 in patients infected with scabies and may be used as good biomarkers in detection of scabies