High-speed polynomials multiplication HW accelerator for CRYSTALS-Kyber

NIST has selected CRYSTALS-Kyber as the primary Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) algorithm for the standardization process of post-quantum cryptography. This paper proposes a high-speed hardware accelerator targeting the polynomial multiplication of Kyber. The NTT-based algorithm is employed in Kyber to perform polynomial multiplication, where modular multiplication is the most time-consuming operation in the computation of the NTT. This paper proposes a new Residue Number System (RNS) methodology to perform the modular multiplication in Kyber based on fast look-up tables with a novel sub-moduli RNS decomposition of the operation into smaller tables. A high-speed polynomial multiplier FPGA accelerator is developed based on the proposed RNS modular multiplier for both single and double butterfly modes. The resulting designs were implemented on Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA, and post-place and route hardware results obtained confirmed the significant improvements over state-of-art

Single-bit Ternary FIR-Like Filter in FPGA using Canonical Signed Digit Encoding

Sigma-delta modulation based single-bit ternary DSP algorithms have been extensively studied in the literature. More recently, FPGA based design and analysis of ternary FIR filter with distributed arithmetic (DA) algorithm have been reported in comparison equivalent multi-bit systems. In this paper, we present the design and synthesis of single-bit ternary and multibit (i.e., conventional) FIR filters using a more complex but efficient encoding technique called canonical signed digit (CSD) in both pipelined and nonpipelined modes. Both filter types are coded into VHDL and synthesized using small commercial FPGA devices in Quartus-II. Synthesis results show that in pipelined mode single-bit ternary FIR filter offers approximately 90% better clock performance than multi-bit FIR filter. Single-bit ternary FIR filter achieved clock frequency of 370 MHz using Stratix-III device that can easily process a 6-MHz video signal transmission. The single-bit DSP systems are highly beneficial for mobile communication purpose

Is inadequate sleep a potential risk factor for periodontitis?

This study was undertaken to investigate the potential association between sleep duration and periodontitis. The study population consisted of 10,291 individuals who participated in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from the 2009-2014 cycles. Sleep duration was categorized into sleep deficient ( 8 hours). We used the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) periodontitis case definition. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used for data analyses. The prevalence of periodontitis was 36% higher in individuals who reported sleep deficiency when compared to the sleep adequate group (odds Ratio (OR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-1.50). Those who reported excessive sleep had 41% higher odds of periodontitis (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.16-1.71). After adjusting for confounding factors, sleep deficient individuals were 19% more likely to have periodontitis when compared to sleep adequate individuals (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.06-1.38). Among sleep excessive individuals, the association was non-significant (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.94-1.43). Sleep deficiency was associated with a higher prevalence of periodontitis in this study population. The association however needs to be confirmed in longitudinal studies

Synthesizing covalent organic frameworks for unprecedented iodine capture performance

Nuclear energy continues to be an important supplier of electricity, but it has problems with waste management and the possibility to leak radioactive material. Iodine, a potentially harmful byproduct of uranium fission, is hazardous to both the environment and human health. Therefore, developing safe, effective, and affordable storage facilities for iodine waste is crucial. Owing to their well-controlled pore structure and substantial certain surface area, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show promise for the adsorption of radioactive iodine. The newly developed COFs (SJ-COF, YA-COF, and AA-COF) shown amazing properties, including strong thermal and chemical stability, which made them ideal for efficient iodine capture. Notably, the ultrahigh iodine capture capacities of these COFs—8.52 g g−1, 8.12 g g−1 and 7.01 g g−1—were significantly greater than most previously reported materials. And The % removal efficiency for SJ-COF, YA-COF and AA-COF from I2/cyclohexane solutions were 87.9 %, 88.6% and 82.6 % respectively. It is noteworthy that the three COFs have high selectivity, reusability, and iodine retention abilities, maintaining iodine even after five recyclings. Based on the outcomes of the experiments, the adsorption processes of the three COFs were examined, and it was discovered that iodine was bound through physical-chemical adsorption. The findings of our work provide a ground-breaking standard for the removal of nuclear waste and demonstrate the enormous potential of COFs as adaptable porous structures that may be specifically designed to address major environmental concerns

Encapsulation Properties of <i>Mentha piperita</i> Leaf Extracts Prepared Using an Ultrasound-Assisted Double Emulsion Method

Double emulsions (W1/O/W2) have long been used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to encapsulate hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs and bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effect of different types of emulsifiers (plant- vs. animal-based proteins) on the encapsulation properties of Mentha piperita leaf extract (MLE) prepared using the double emulsion method. Using response surface methodology, the effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions (amplitude 20–50%; time 10–30 min; ethanol concentration 70–90%) on the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (percent inhibition) of the MLE was studied. MLE under optimized conditions (ethanol concentration 76%; amplitude 39%; time 30 min) had a TPC of 62.83 mg GA equivalents/g and an antioxidant activity of 23.49%. The optimized MLE was encapsulated using soy, pea, and whey protein isolates in two emulsifying conditions: 4065× g/min and 4065× g/30 s. The droplet size, optical images, rheology, and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of the different encapsulated MLEs were compared. The W1/O/W2 produced at 4065× g/min exhibited a smaller droplet size and higher EE% and viscosity than that prepared at 4065× g/30 s. The higher EE% of soy and pea protein isolates indicated their potential as an effective alternative for bioactive compound encapsulation

Andrographolide nanophytosomes exhibit enhanced cellular delivery and pro-apoptotic activities in HepG2 liver cancer cells

AbstractAndrographolide (AG), a major active constituent of Andrographis paniculata, is known to hinder proliferation of several types of cancer cells. However, its poor solubility and cellular permeability restrict its use in clinical applications. In this study, AG-loaded phytosomes (AG-PTMs) were formulated and optimized with respect to particle size using l-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC):AG ratio and sonication time (ST) as independent variables. The optimized formula was prepared at 1:2.7 for AG:PC molar ratio and 4.9 min for ST and exhibited a particle size of 243.7 ± 7.3 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.310 and entrapment efficiency of 72.20 ± 4.53. Also, the prepared formula showed a slow release of AG over 24-h period. The antiproliferative activity of AG-PTMs was investigated against the liver cancer cell line HepG2. AG-PTMs significantly repressed the growth of HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 4.02 ± 0.14 µM. AG uptake by HepG2 cells was significantly enhanced in incubations containing the optimized formula. AG-PTMs also caused G2-M cell cycle phase arrest and increased the fraction of apoptotic cells in pre-G1 phase. These effects were associated with induction of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, AG-PTMs significantly upregulated mRNA expression of BAX and downregulated that of BCL2. Furthermore, AG-PTMs significantly enhanced the concentration of caspase-3 in comparison to raw AG. These data indicate that the phytosomal delivery of AG significantly inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation through enhanced cellular uptake, arresting cell cycle at the G2-M phase and inducing mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis

Influence of dietary mannan-oligosaccharides supplementation on hematological characteristics, blood biochemical parameters, immune response and histological state of laying hens

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the influence of dietary mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on the immune system, hematological traits, blood biochemical parameters, and histological state of laying hens. At 34 wk of age, The Mandarah chicken strain's 120 laying hens and 12 cocks were divided into 4 groups, each with 30 hens and 3 cocks. The first group performed as a control group, which nourished on a basal diet. The second, third, and fourth experimental groups received 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/kg of MOS and a base diet, respectively. Birds obtained MOS at numerous doses significantly (P ˂ 0.05) raised serum levels of immunoglobulin Y (IgY), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and avian influenza (AI) antibodies compared to control birds. Furthermore, adding MOS at a level of 0.1 g/kg diet significantly improved the immune response of the control group. Additionally, compared to the control group, treated birds with MOS at various dosages did not significantly enhance hematological parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Compared to control birds, birds fed MOS at all levels exhibited considerably lower serum cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values. Also, compared to other treated birds, MOS-treated birds displayed improved histological examination of the small intestine, isthmus, and testis compared to the control group, particularly in birds fed MOS at 0.1 and 0.2 g/kg diet. It could be concluded that using MOS at 0.1 or 2 g/kg diet can successfully improve the physiological performance and overall health of laying hens

The effect of bariatric surgery on dietary Behaviour, dietary recommendation Adherence, and micronutrient deficiencies one year after surgery

Bariatric surgery (BS) is associated with vitamin and mineral deficiencies, which might be augmented by low adherence to dietary guidelines and inappropriate dietary behaviours. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of BS on eating behaviour, prevalence of nutrient deficiency, level of commitment to diet, and lifestyle recommendations one-year post-BS.A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients who underwent BS in 2019 and had follow-up for a year. Age, gender, and clinical data were collected from the hospital system and other information was obtained from questionnaires during phone interviews. A total of 160 patients participated in the study.At 12 months, a significant increase from the baseline values in plasma levels of vitamin B12, folate, vitamin D, iron, corrected calcium, albumin, CRP, and MCV, as well as a significant decrease in BMI was observed. Adherence to dietary and lifestyle recommendations was moderate to high. Emotional, and restrained eating behaviours were moderate with 64.4%, and 77.5%, respectively. External eating was low at 58.1%.The study concluded that pre-and post-bariatric surgery nutrients should be closely monitored