12 research outputs found

    The Efficiency of Natural Decentralized Greywater Treatment Systems in Resolving the Wastewater Problems in the Rural Areas of Developing Countries

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    The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance and treatment efficiency of the natural decentralized wastewater treatment systems in resolving wastewaters problems in the rural areas of developing countries. Three Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland treatment systems (HFCW), three Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland treatment systems (VFCW), and three granular filtration (GF) systems were constructed and monitored for approximately 12 months. Each treatment system served a single rural Jordanian home by treating their greywater and recycling it for home garden irrigation. Different media types and orientations were used as filtration media in the systems. The results show that the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) of the effluent were significantly lower as compared to the influent and demonstrated a removal efficiency of 84%, 89%, and 88%, respectively, when using HFCW. The removal efficiency was 90%, 90%, and 92%, respectively, when using VFCW. The removal efficiency was 61%, 58%, and 81%, respectively, when using GF. The study suggests that the studied natural treatment systems adequately treated greywater under arid conditions; however, the GF system was less efficient than the wetland systems

    The Ground Water Potential of a Key Junction Zone Between the Afar Rift Floor and Western Afar Margin of Ethiopia

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    In remote rural areas, the standard methodology utilized to target sites for ground water exploration and aquifer recharge is very expensive. Remote Sensing techniques, GIS, and a new multi-criteria analysis, permit to produce low-cost and time-saving Ground Water Potential maps, for ground water exploration and aquifer recharge sites, in five remote Woredas of the Afar Region in Ethiopia. The Ground Water Potential Map and related thematic maps, coupled with a socio-economic analysis, are the key documents helpful in involving local communities and local authorities in surface and ground water management for the mitigation of hydric stress related to climate change, as well as to solve the water-related conflict mitigation
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