297 research outputs found
Environment simulator for studying automatic crop farming
Agricultural machines capable of utilizing variable rate application technology are tackling spatial variability in agricultural fields. Agricultural field robots are the next step in technology, robots which are capable of utilizing sensor and actuating technologies without human contact and operate only areas of interest. However, agricultural field robots are still under research. Robots are just one part of the next generation of crop farming having more advanced tools to do the work which currently requires humans. The next generation of crop farming, in the vision of the authors, is based on automation, which incorporates stationary and moving sensors systems, robots, model based decision making, automated operation planning which adapts to spatial variability according to the measurements as well as to weather conditions. This article presents a top-down approach of automated crop farming using simulation, trying to cover all the component parts on a fully automated farm. In the article, the developed simulation platform is presented as well as sample simulation results. The environment simulator is based on crop growth models, weed growth models, soil models, spatial variation generation and weather statistics. Models for the environment were found in literature and were tailored and tuned to fit the simulation purposes, to form a collection of models. The collection of models was evaluated by using sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, a full scale scenario was simulated over one season, incorporating 9000 spatial cells in five fields of a farm. Keywords: robots, crop growth models, soil water models, decision making, operation plannin
Efficient quantum algorithms for simulating sparse Hamiltonians
We present an efficient quantum algorithm for simulating the evolution of a
sparse Hamiltonian H for a given time t in terms of a procedure for computing
the matrix entries of H. In particular, when H acts on n qubits, has at most a
constant number of nonzero entries in each row/column, and |H| is bounded by a
constant, we may select any positive integer such that the simulation
requires O((\log^*n)t^{1+1/2k}) accesses to matrix entries of H. We show that
the temporal scaling cannot be significantly improved beyond this, because
sublinear time scaling is not possible.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, substantial revision
Guiding and Trapping Electron Spin Waves in Atomic Hydrogen Gas
We present a high magnetic field study of electron spin waves in atomic
hydrogen gas compressed to high densities of 10^18 cm^-3 at temperatures
ranging from 0.26 to 0.6 K. We observed a variety of spin wave modes caused by
the identical spin rotation effect with strong dependence on the spatial
profile of the polarizing magnetic field. We demonstrate confinement of these
modes in regions of strong magnetic field and manipulate their spatial
distribution by changing the position of the field maximum.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Thermal compression of atomic hydrogen on helium surface
We describe experiments with spin-polarized atomic hydrogen gas adsorbed on
liquid He surface. The surface gas density is increased locally by
thermal compression up to cm at 110 mK. This
corresponds to the onset of quantum degeneracy with the thermal de-Broglie
wavelength being 1.5 times larger than the mean interatomic spacing. The atoms
were detected directly with a 129 GHz electron-spin resonance spectrometer
probing both the surface and the bulk gas. This, and the simultaneous
measurement of the recombination power, allowed us to make accurate studies of
the adsorption isotherm and the heat removal from the adsorbed hydrogen gas.
From the data, we estimate the thermal contact between 2D hydrogen gas and
phonons of the helium film. We analyze the limitations of the thermal
compression method and the possibility to reach the superfluid transition in 2D
hydrogen gas.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figure
Searching for magnetostatic modes in spin-polarized atomic hydrogen
We consider a possibility of the magnetostatic type spin waves driven by a long-range magnetic dipole interactions, to account for the peaks in the ESR spectra observed in our previous work (Lehtonen et al 2018 New J. Phys. 20 055010). The Walker equation for magnetostatic modes is solved for a cylinder of atomic hydrogen, first in a uniform magnetic field and second in a linearly decreasing magnetic field. The frequency behavior of the solved modes with length of the cylinder and density of the gas is compared to experimental data. We conclude that magnetostatic modes are unlikely to account for the observed modulations of ESR spectra
Economic and environmental analysis of energy efficiency measures in agriculture. Case Studies and trade offs.
This report is the result of the collaboration of the partners of the AGREE work-package “Economic and environmental analysis”, which is based on case study analyses of the partners in seven countries of the EU. The case studies show economic and environmental trade-offs in the different regions in the EU, for which each partner is responsible. Nevertheless prior to the reporting of the case studies an intensive discussion on a common methodological approach has been accomplished and applied to the case studies. The case studies show a wide range of different perspectives of energy efficiency in agriculture, but they are all based on the common methodology presented in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, the case studies are presented, with authors indicated at the beginning of each section. Each section of Chapter 4 ends with a synthesis analysis of the results from the different case studies. Chapter 5 summarizes and concludes the report by highlighting the major findings of the analyses.
The report builds upon the “State of the Art in Energy Efficiency in Europe” published separately by the AGREE consortium (Gołaszewski et al. 2012), which shows the status quo of energy use and possible energy efficiency measures in agriculture across different production systems and regions in Europe. This report presents an economic and environmental analysis based on in-depth case studies which show the potential for, and constraints on, energy efficiency measures in agriculture with respect to the specific environments in Europe
Measurement of illumination exposure in postpartum women
BACKGROUND: Low levels of light exposure at critical times are thought to cause seasonal affective disorder. Investigators, in studies demonstrating the usefulness of bright light therapy, also have implicated light's role in non-seasonal depression. The precise cause of postpartum depression has not been delineated, but it seemed possible that new mothers would spend reduced time in daylight. The goal of this study was to examine the levels of illumination experienced by postpartum mothers and to discover any relationship between light exposure and mood levels experienced during the postpartum period. METHODS: Fifteen postpartum women, who did not have any baseline indication of depression, wore a wrist device (Actillume) for 72 hours to measure their exposure to light. At the end of the recording period, they completed a self-reported measure of mood. The mean light exposure of these postpartum women (expressed as the 24-hour average logarithm of illumination in lux) was compared with that of a representative sample of women of comparable age, residence, and seasonal months of recording. Mood levels were then rank-ordered and tested for correlation with light exposure levels. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the amount of light [log(10)lux] experienced by postpartum (1.01 SD 0.236) and control women (1.06 SD 0.285). Mood was not correlated with illumination in the postpartum sample. CONCLUSIONS: Postpartum women in San Diego did not receive reduced light, nor was low mood related to low illumination
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Magnons in Atomic Hydrogen Gas
We report on experimental observation of BEC-like behaviour of quantized
electron spin waves (magnons) in a dense gas of spin polarized atomic hydrogen.
The magnons are trapped and controlled with inhomogeneous magnetic fields, and
described by a Schr\"odinger-like wave equation, in analogy to the BEC
experiments with neutral atoms. We have observed the appearance of a sharp
feature in the ESR spectrum displaced from the normal spin wave spectrum. We
believe that this observation corresponds to a sudden growth of the ground
state population of the magnons and emergence of their spontaneous coherence
for hydrogen gas densities exceeding a critical value, dependent on the
trapping potential. We interpret the results as a BEC of non-equilibrium
magnons which were formed by applying the rf power.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures Supplemental material: 3 pages, 3 figures.
Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter
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