Information culture of the mass

The significance of the research is determined by the necessity to improve the quality of information culture of the modern society. In this context, the article refers to the "mass" or "the mass person" that has a certain way of thinking and life style which begin dominating under certain conditions. "The mass person" represents a historically arisen and historically passing phenomenon generated by a certain stage of the development of technology. The research is focused upon a brief outline of philosophical and historical stages which have led to the emergence of the “mass person” who strives only for the benefit and achievement of the personal purposes. He obediently accepts ready-made stamps and stereotypes, without caring for their validity. As a result, despite all the talks of individualization, the original identity is lost and replaced with the average, mass person who is going down the stream, turning into a slave of sociality that once again convinces us that "the mass person" is now a phenomenon which arises quite suddenly, but as a result of those substitutions about which we have spoken above. It is that norm which is characteristic of the society constructed on the ideas of pragmatism and usefulness.peer-reviewe

Syntactic compression in the modern Russian language

Purpose: The aim of this article is on profound systematic analysis of functional syntax theory and exploring the second level syntactic compression in the Russian language. Design/Methodology/Approach: To realize the objectives of this investigation, it seems necessary: first, to reveal the spectrum of syntactic structures; second, to determine the ways of representing the process meaning in minimized predicative structures; third, to describe the multilevel system of the means updating the propositive semantics and functional-semantic categorie in the Russian syntax. Findings: It was proved that the concrete noun as a result of the second level compression can act as a carrier of procedural semantics and secondary predication in a simple sentence. The authors identified the main types of structures with concrete nouns, expressing propositive semantics at second-level compression process, defined methods and means of representing the procedural meaning in the analyzed structures and established a link between second-level syntactic compression and the speaker's cognitions. Practical Implications: The results may be implemented into the practice of teaching the theory of language, general and comparative linguistics. The materials and conclusions of the research contribute to the efficiency of oral and written communication. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study is to shift the emphasis from the study of the phenomenon of compression at the level of transformation of complex sentences into synonymous simple ones, to the analysis of the second level syntactic compression and accumulation of a noun with a specific semantics of procedural meaning.peer-reviewe

Dialogue of cultures in the context of globalization : an ethnic aspect

The article touches upon the range of problems concerning globalization of culture and the way globalization influences the process of the world development in its sociocultural and ethnic aspects. Much attention is paid to the necessity of the interaction of cultures, their dialogue which may serve as basis for the development of interethnic relations. The fact that a distinctive feature of the modern world is the transition to a new qualitative state of society, which is characterized by a sharp increase in information processes is underlined too. The process of creating a new information culture is not easy at all because it is based on the confrontation of national interests but it is very important for assistance in the issue of dialogue of cultures.peer-reviewe

Culture restrictions as a trigger to the society development : history and modernity

Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to analyze cultural restrictions, taboos and bans inherent in society at any stage of its existence and their role in spiritual and intellectual transformations. Design/Methodology/Approach: For the purpose of investigating and classifying numerous cultural alternations which acted as a trigger to spiritual and intellectual transformations challenging a nation's cognitive potential it seems necessary to fulfill three conditions described in the text. Findings: The authors emphasized the fact that culture consists of several layers: spiritual, intellectual and technical. With the degradation of any of these layers culture suffers. The authors formulated the idea that such restrictions occuring in the society as censorship, for example, are likely to be relevant as long as the society itself exists and more over they present a rather stable element of a society. Practical Implications: The results may be implemented into sociocultural practices for better understanding of some main laws and cornerstones forming cultural foundations. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study lies in the emphasis of the role of culture, especially its spiritual layer represented by religion, morale, philosophy, literature, art, history, in quite natural and unavoidable technological development and progresses.peer-reviewe

Dynamics of fast and slow magnetoacoustic waves in plasma slabs with thermal misbalance

Non-uniformity of the solar atmosphere along with the presence of non-adiabatic processes such as radiation cooling and unspecified heating can significantly affect the dynamics and properties of magnetoacoustic (MA) waves. To address the co-influence of these factors on the dispersion properties of MA waves, we considered a single magnetic slab composed of the thermally active plasma. Using the perturbation theory, we obtained a differential equation that determines the dynamics of the two-dimensional perturbations. Applying the assumption of strong magnetic structuring, we derived the dispersion relations for the sausage and kink MA modes. The numerical solution of the dispersion relations for the coronal conditions was performed to investigate the interplay between the non-uniformity and the thermal misbalance. For the heating scenario considered, it was obtained that the phase speed of both the sausage and kink slow MA waves is highly affected by the thermal misbalance in the long wavelength limit. The obtained characteristic timescales of the slow waves dissipation coincide with the periods of waves observed in the corona. Simultaneously, the phase speed of the fast waves is not affected by the thermal misbalance. The geometry of the magnetic structure still remains the main dispersion mechanism for the fast waves. Our estimation reveals that dissipation of the fast waves is weaker than dissipation of the slow waves in the coronal conditions. The obtained results are of importance for using the magnetoacoustic waves not only as a tool for estimating plasma parameters, but also as a tool for estimating the non-adiabatic processes

BAP1 deficiency causes loss of melanocytic cell identity in uveal melanoma

BACKGROUND: Uveal melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer with a strong propensity for metastasis, yet little is known about the biological mechanisms underlying this metastatic potential. We recently showed that most metastasizing uveal melanomas, which exhibit a class 2 gene expression profile, contain inactivating mutations in the tumor suppressor BAP1. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of BAP1 in uveal melanoma progression. METHODS: Uveal melanoma cells were studied following RNAi-mediated depletion of BAP1 using proliferation, BrdU incorporation, flow cytometry, migration, invasion, differentiation and clonogenic assays, as well as in vivo tumorigenicity experiments in NOD-SCID-Gamma mice. RESULTS: Depletion of BAP1 in uveal melanoma cells resulted in a loss of differentiation and gain of stem-like properties, including expression of stem cell markers, increased capacity for self-replication, and enhanced ability to grow in stem cell conditions. BAP1 depletion did not result in increased proliferation, migration, invasion or tumorigenicity. CONCLUSIONS: BAP1 appears to function in the uveal melanocyte lineage primarily as a regulator of differentiation, with cells deficient for BAP1 exhibiting stem-like qualities. It will be important to elucidate how this effect of BAP1 loss promotes metastasis and how to reverse this effect therapeutically

Retinoblastoma protein prevents enteric nervous system defects and intestinal pseudo-obstruction

The retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) tumor suppressor is a critical regulator of cell cycle progression and development. To investigate the role of RB1 in neural crest–derived melanocytes, we bred mice with a floxed Rb1 allele with mice expressing Cre from the tyrosinase (Tyr) promoter. TyrCre(+);Rb1(fl/fl) mice exhibited no melanocyte defects but died unexpectedly early with intestinal obstruction, striking defects in the enteric nervous system (ENS), and abnormal intestinal motility. Cre-induced DNA recombination occurred in all enteric glia and most small bowel myenteric neurons, yet phenotypic effects of Rb1 loss were cell-type specific. Enteric glia were twice as abundant in mutant mice compared with those in control animals, while myenteric neuron number was normal. Most myenteric neurons also appeared normal in size, but NO-producing myenteric neurons developed very large nuclei as a result of DNA replication without cell division (i.e., endoreplication). Parallel studies in vitro found that exogenous NO and Rb1 shRNA increased ENS precursor DNA replication and nuclear size. The large, irregularly shaped nuclei in NO-producing neurons were remarkably similar to those in progeria, an early-onset aging disorder that has been linked to RB1 dysfunction. These findings reveal a role for RB1 in the ENS

Microbiological Monitoring in the System of Epidemiological Surveillance of Purulent-Septic Infections in a Multidisciplinary Hospital

The purpose of the research was to study epidemiological manifestations and etiological structure of sepsis in a multidisciplinary hospital for children.Materials and methods. An analysis of cases of 85 patients with a diagnosis of sepsis hospitalized in a multidisciplinary hospital at the regional level (Irkutsk) for the period 2013–2018 was carried out.Results and discussion. The most affected age groups are children under one year old (23.5 %) and from one year to two years (29.4 %). During the study period, 572 bacterial and fungal cultures, represented by 19 types of microorganisms, playing a leading role in the formation of the microbial ecology of the hospital, were isolated from patients with GPSI. In the structure of the GPSI microflora, gram-negative microorganisms are found in 49.8 % of cases, grampositive microbiota – in 30.1 %, fungi account for one fifth of all positive findings. A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were sown more often from blood, sputum and abdominal cavity, and S. aureus and A. baumannii were the most frequent pathogens from wounds. The largest number of enterococci is isolated from urine.Conclusions. The etiological factor in the development of nosocomial GPSI in most cases is gram-negative microorganisms – A. baumanii (39.9 %), P. aeruginosa (20.7 %), K. pneumoniae (23.1 %). At the same time, in recent years, fungi have become increasingly important in the etiology of septic conditions

Assessment of The Macroeconomic Situation in North African Countries and Their Role in The System of World Economic Relations

In this article, based on the analysis of the macroeconomic situation of the North African countries, their role in the system of world economic relations is determined. It is proved that despite a certain similarity of the economic model of development of the countries of North Africa, based on the use of raw materials, the impact of external shocks causes different reactions and consequences that are incomparable in scale. It has been determined that the political and economic instability of the North African countries is reflected, among other things, in the ratings of socio-economic development published by international organizations and leading expert and analytical centers. It was revealed that the progress that was achieved by the countries of the region in previous years is largely leveled by factors of a political and religious nature, as well as a strong dependence on world markets for raw materials, which in modern conditions adds certain difficulties to these countries in the world economy

Ligand Trap of the Activin Receptor Type IIA Inhibits Osteoclast Stimulation of Bone Remodeling in Diabetic Mice with Chronic Kidney Disease

Dysregulation of skeletal remodeling is a component of renal osteodystrophy. Previously, we showed that activin receptor signaling is differentially affected in various tissues in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We tested whether a ligand trap for the activin receptor type 2A (RAP-011) is an effective treatment of the osteodystrophy of the CKD-mineral bone disorder. With a 70% reduction in the glomerular filtration rate, CKD was induced at 14 weeks of age in the ldlr−/− high fat-fed mouse model of atherosclerotic vascular calcification and diabetes. Twenty mice with CKD, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, and elevated activin A were treated with RAP-011, wherease 19 mice were given vehicle twice weekly from week 22 until the mice were killed at 28 weeks of age. The animals were then evaluated by skeletal histomorphometry, micro-computed tomography, mechanical strength testing, and ex vivo bone cell culture. Results in the CKD groups were compared with those of the 16 sham-operated ldlr−/− high fat-fed mice. Sham-operated mice had low-turnover osteodystrophy and skeletal frailty. CKD stimulated bone remodeling with significant increases in osteoclast and osteoblast numbers and bone resorption. Compared with mice with CKD and sham-operated mice, RAP-011 treatment eliminated the CKD-induced increase in these histomorphometric parameters and increased trabecular bone fraction. RAP-011 significantly increased cortical bone area and thickness. Activin A-enhanced osteoclastogenesis was mediated through p-Smad2 association with c-fos and activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). Thus, an ActRIIA ligand trap reversed CKD-stimulated bone remodeling, likely through inhibition of activin-A induced osteoclastogenesis