Aquatic Environment

Environment and Development: Basic Principles, Human Activities, and Environmental Implications focuses on the adverse impact that human activities, developments, and economic growth have on both natural and inhabited environments. The book presents the associated problems, along with solutions that can be used to achieve a harmonic, sustainable development that provides for the co-existence of man and natural life

Quarries environmental footprint in the framework of sustainable development : the case study of Milos island

The installation and operation of a quarry contains complex, difficult, and sometimes unsafe processes (such as explosive) that may affect public health as well as the whole environment and the sustainable development in general in the area which guest the quarry. This paper focuses on the Environmental Footprint from quarries activities located in the island of Milos (Greece), where bentonite, perlite, and pozzolan (type 1 and 2) are mined and extracted. Results indicated that energy consumption is considered to be higher for bentonite than perlite, while pozzolan presented with limited consumption per ton of product. More specific for the production of bentonite 1.81 L/t of oil is needed, 6.15 kWh electricity as well as 7.21 kg of production needs 1 m2 area. Regarding the production of perlite 2.86 L/t of oil is needed, 16.38 kWh electricity, while 7.43 kg required 1 m2 production areas. Pozzolan type 1 consumed 0.71 L/t of oil, 0.87 kWh electricity, and 0.01 kg explosives and 2 m2 of production area are needed, while for the production of pozzolan type 2, 0.87 l/t of oil, 0.76 kWh electricity are needed as well as an area of 10 m2 is required. Concerning the waste generation (which mainly includes rock materials) is 0.83 m3/t for bentonite, 0.39 m3/t for perlite, while in the case of pozzolan 1 and 2 are zero due to the fact that both materials are homogenized. Gaseous emissions were calculated as equivalence of CO2 and for the bentonite was 1.52%, for perlite was 2.18% per production ton of final product

Aquatic Environment

Environment and Development: Basic Principles, Human Activities, and Environmental Implications focuses on the adverse impact that human activities, developments, and economic growth have on both natural and inhabited environments. The book presents the associated problems, along with solutions that can be used to achieve a harmonic, sustainable development that provides for the co-existence of man and natural life

An integrated swot-pestle-ahp model assessing sustainability in adaptive reuse projects

In the recent past, sustainable development has been considered a major issue for urban and regional studies. Adaptive reuse appears to be a practical solution for sustainable urban development. Beyond and in addition to a conceptual base consistent with circular economy and sustainability principles, how do we know if adaptive reuse is actually sustainable, provided that it constitutes a multidisciplinary and multilevel process? The present study aims at evaluating, in as much as feasible quantitative terms, adaptive reuse practices sustainability. This was attained using a set of indicators, developed combining PESTLE (the Political, Economic, Technical, Social, Legal, and Environmental aspects) and SWOT (the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) approaches, of which the results were subjected to evaluation by experts (pairwise comparisons), following the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The indicators representing strengths and opportunities of the process were calculated to be of higher value (overall level of final cumulative indicators values; 70.4%) compared with indicators representing weaknesses and threats. Enhancing strengths and opportunities and counteracting weaknesses and threats contribute making the potential of adaptive reuse practices in urban sustainability more evident. Among analysis dimensions, political and economic aspects rank first, followed by environmental, socio-cultural, technological-technical, and legal aspect. The empirical results of this paper serve as a useful reference point for decision-making and policy formulation addressing adaptive reuse practices in sustainable development strategies

Sustainable treatment method of a high concentrated NH3 wastewater by using natural zeolite in closed-loop fixed bed systems

The aim of this study is to investigate ammonium removal from a wastewater resulted after homogenization and anaerobic digestion of a mixture of wastes and wastewater from animal processing units and sewage sludge, by using natural zeolite clinoptilolite. Batches as well as closed loop fixed bed system (CLFB) are studied, offering an alternative to conventional fixed bed systems. The experimental results showed that the optimum pH is in the vicinity of 6.48, where the achieved removal in the batch system reached 46%. The CLFB system, under the same experimental conditions and relative flow rate of 2.56 BV h−1, reached a removal of 55%, which is almost 22% higher. In the CLFB the removal of ammonia could be further increased by diluting the initial solution by 1/8, reaching the level of 96%. The achieved zeolite loading, for all studied systems, is between 2.62 and 13 mg g−1. This kind of operation is very useful for relatively high concentration and small volumes of wastewater and in systems that there is no need for continuous flow operation

Effects of 2-chlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on an activated sludge sequencing batch reactor

In the work, the effect of 2-chlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on the performance of a sequencing batch reactor operated with suspended municipal recycle activated sludge (RAS) in terms of total carbon and total nitrogen removal is presented. The total carbon removal achieved ranged in 80%–100% and total nitrogen removal in 10%–84%. The results showed that chlorophenols did not inhibit either the activated sludge growth or the total carbon removal significantly. However, inhibition is observed in total nitrogen removal. 2-chlorophenol inhibited the ammonium oxidation (nitrification) while such an effect was not observed in the case of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol indicating that the later inhibits the ammonification step. Moreover, the results indicated that total removal of both chlorophenols was achieved during the first day of the processing

A Model for Evaluating Soil Vulnerability to Erosion Using Remote Sensing Data and A Fuzzy Logic System

Soil vulnerability is the capacity of one or more of the ecological functions of the soil system to be harmed. It is a complex concept which requires the identification of multiple environmental factors and land management at different temporal and space scales. The employment of geospatial information with good update capabilities could be a satisfactory tool to assess potential soil vulnerability changes in large areas. This chapter presents the application of two land degradation case studies which is simple, synoptic, and suitable for continuous monitoring model based on the fuzzy logic. The model combines topography and vegetation status information to assess soil vulnerability to land degradation. Topographic parameters were obtained from digital elevation models (DEM), and vegetation status information was derived from the computation of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) satellite images. This spectral index provides relevance and is updated for each scene, evidences about the biomass and soil productivity, and vegetation density cover or vegetation stress (e.g., forest fires, droughts). Modeled output maps are suitable for temporal change analysis, which allows the identification of the effect of land management practices, soil and vegetation regeneration, or climate effects

Physical Properties of Soils Affected by the Use of Agricultural Waste

This chapter provided an overview of the physical properties of soils and their importance on the mobility of water and nutrients and the development of a vegetation cover. It also gives some examples of why the use of agricultural residues can affect positively soil physical properties. The incorporation of agricultural wastes can be a sustainable practice to improve soil characteristics, favoring a model of zero waste in agricultural production and allowing better management of soils. We review and analyze the effect of the use as amendments of different agricultural residues, on physical properties of the soil (e.g., bulk density, porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity), especially related to the movement of water in the soil

Magnetic Fe3O4-Ag0 nanocomposites for effective mercury removal from water

In this study, magnetic Fe3O4 particles and Fe3O4-Ag0 nanocomposites were prepared by a facile and green method, fully characterized and used for the removal of Hg2+ from water. Characterizations showed that the Fe3O4 particles are quasi-spherical with an average diameter of 217 nm and metallic silver nanoparticles formed on the surface with a size of 23-41 nm. The initial Hg2+ removal rate was very fast followed by a slow increase and the maximum solid phase loading was 71.3 mg/g for the Fe3O4-Ag0 and 28 mg/g for the bare Fe3O4. The removal mechanism is complex, involving Hg2+ adsorption and reduction, Fe2+ and Ag0 oxidation accompanied with reactions of Cl- with Hg+ and Ag+. The facile and green synthesis process, the fast kinetics and high removal capacity and the possibility of magnetic separation make Fe3O4-Ag0 nanocomposites attractive materials for the removal of Hg2+ from wate

Synthesis of biosourced silica-Ag nanocomposites and amalgamation reaction with mercury in aqueous solutions

This paper focuses on the synthesis of a new silver nanocomposite adsorbent derived from rice husk as raw material. The synthesis is based on triethoxysilane chemistry and the reduction of silver without the aid of reductant chemicals. The derived AgNPs@SiO2 nanocomposites are fully characterized and then used for the removal of mercury (II) from aqueous solutions. The results demonstrated that the affinity of the composite for mercury is high and the removal mechanism is adsorption accompanied by a redox reaction between mercury and silver followed by the formation of calomel and amalgams between silver and mercury. The silver-mercury reaction is complex, and its stoichiometry seems to scale with the silver content. Besides the importance of the surface reactions, the successful implementation of biosourced silica for mercury removal from water is useful for the development of strategies for the valorization of agricultural waste and boosts the concept of circular economy and bioeconomy