THE PROBLEM OF INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT IN THE INTERNET

In this paper presents the results of an analysis of the situation in the country on the issue of copyright infringement in the Internet

SANCTIONS OF PROHIBITING LEGAL NORMS: NOVELTIES IN LEGAL REGULATION

Objective: identifying changes within the legal regulation of social relations through sanctions of prohibiting legal norms. Methods: formal-legal and comparative legal. Results: basing on the analysis of the current legislation in recent years, the overall trends are shown in the changes of the content of sanctions of prohibiting legal norms. In particular, there are several basic directions of regulatory limits development referring to certain penalties: reinforcement of quantitative parameters in the sanctions content, emergence of some new character of the sanctions, which, according to the authors, can not be considered fundamentally new. In addition, the legislator uses other sanctions if the existing sanctions lose their effectiveness when applied to a particular offense. Scientific novelty: a comprehensive approach is carried out to the study of changes within the legal regulations by sanctions of prohibiting legal norms. For the first time the summary is shown of the relationship of quantitative and qualitative trends in the development of certain sanctions. Practical value: the provisions emanating from the article can be applied in legislative activities to further improve the content of the sanctions of prohibiting legal norms, aiming at more effective impact on the social relations’ participants who commit offenses or are prone to this

MECHANISM OF REALIZAION OF DISPOSITION AND SANCTION OF THE PROHIBITIVE LEGAL NORM

The article presents the theoretical-legal analysis of the stages of a mechanism of prohibitive legal norm realization. The authors distinguish the mechanisms of prohibition (disposition) realization and sanction realization, which together form the mechanism of the prohibitive legal norm realization. The ideal and actual phases of legal relationship development are taken into account, as well as the internal structure and interconnection of legal means contained in disposition and sanction and realized in various legal relationships

MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF A HYBRID POWER INSTALLATION FOR A VEHICLE

The object of research is a hybrid power installation of a bus with a diesel engine and a synchronous electric motor. The purpose of the work is the development of engineering models of a synchronous electric motor and a diesel engine, the search for optimal electric currents control laws for electric motor and optimal bus moving laws with a hybrid power installation for general energy consumption. Synchronous electric drive and internal combustion engine models were used, convenient for research, analytical and numerical methods of parametric optimization and optimal control were used. Parameter values and laws of vehicle motion with energy saving are obtained