Control of the Physical and Technical Properties of Water in Technological Processes

The physical and technical properties of water activated by the electrochemical treatment in a two-chamber electrolizer are investigated. The regularities of changes inthe values of acidity, redox potential, ionic composition, concentration of oxygen, structural organization of catholyte and anolyte are revealed. The possibility of controlling the properties of the liquid for more efficient extraction of polymetallic minerals by flotation is described

Zen law and features of liquidus-solidus curves in binary state diagrams based on elements VIIIA and IB of the periodic table

The paper presents the analysis of binary state diagrams based on elements VIIIA and IB of the periodic table and crystal geometry parameters of solid solutions and intermetallic compositions. The analysis shows an explicit correlation between the type of the evolution of phase diagrams classified by Lebedev depending on the nature of atomic volume deviations observed in solid solutions and intermetallic compounds from Zen law

Binary phase diagrams based on elements VIIIA and IB periods of the D. I. Mendeleev's table and features of crystallographic parameters

The data obtained as a result of the analysis of crystallogeometric parameters and the structure of state diagrams of binary systems from elements VIIIA and IB periods of the D. I. Mendeleev's table are presented. It is shown that the classification of the evolution of phase diagrams of binary systems by types, proposed by T. A. Lebedev, correlates with features of concentration dependences of the deviation of atomic volumes in solid solutions from Zen law

Steel surface TiCrN, TiMoNcoatings structural phase state change features after low-energy alpha particles irradiation

The low-energy alpha particles irradiation impact on structural phase composition and 321S31 steel surface TiCrN and TiMoN coatings morphology have been summarized. The samples irradiation has been carried out in the DTs-60 (the Dubna cyclotron) heavy-ion accelerator by the{4}He{+2} low-energy ions (40 keV) into a 1.0•10{17} ion/cm{2} fluence. It has been established thatthe 321S31 steel alpha particles implantation having energy of 40 keV results in the austenite initial γ-structurepartial transfer, stimulated by the irradiation, to the martensiteα-structure. The low-energy alpha particles irradiation within the fluencies range from 10{16} to 10{17} ion/cm{2} for the TiCrN and TiMoN coatings formed by the ionic bombardment condensation method doesn't result in the phase transfers with a coating crystal lattice type change

Crystallographic parameters of compounds and solid solutions in binary systems Cu-Pt and Ga-Pt

The study establishes that the packing index in compounds of the system Cu-Pt is close to the value 0.74 against a slight deviation from the Zen law of atomic volumes. The compounds in the system Ga-Pt have the highest values of the packing index in the range of the equiatomic composition, which greatly exceed ψ for close-packed structures based on FCC and HCP lattices for compounds made of the same kind of atoms. A correlation between singular points on the phase diagram of the system Ga-Pt and high values of the packing index in compounds is established

Ultrasonic Surface Treatment of Titanium Alloys. The Submicrocrystalline State

The paper presents the results of the research on improvement of physical-and mechanical properties of titanium alloys VT1-0 and VT6 by modification of surfaces using ultrasonic treatment, and a comprehensive study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of modified surface layers. It has been established that exposure to ultrasonic treatment leads to formation in the surface layer of a structure with an average size of elements 50 x100 nm, depending on the brand of titanium alloy

Combined treatment of steel, including electrospark doping and subsequent irradiation with a high-intensity electron beam

A thermodynamic analysis of phase transformations taking place during doping of steel with tungsten and titanium has been performed. The studies on the surface layer of steel modified using the combined method (electrospark doping and the subsequent electron-beam treatment) have been carried out. Formation in the surface layer of a multi-phase submicrocrystalline structure with high strength properties has been revealed

Electron-ion-plasma modification of the structure and properties of commercial steels

The work is devoted to the structural-phase analysis of steels of the austenitic and martensitic grade, irradiated with a high-intensity pulsed electron beam of the submillisecond duration of exposure in the mode of the surface layer melting. A thermodynamic analysis of phase transformations occurring during heat treatment in alloys of the composition Fe-Cr-C and Fe-Cr-Ni-C, which are the basis of steels 20X13 and 12X18H10T, is carried out. It is shown that formation of solid solutions on the basis of [alpha]-iron (BCC crystalline lattice) and [gamma]- iron (FCC crystalline lattice) as well as the entire range of carbide phases of a complex elemental composition (M[23]C[6], M[7]C[3] и M[3]C, where symbol M refers to atoms of metallic elements Fe, Cr, and Ni) is possible in equilibrium conditions in given materials. The irradiation of steels 12X18H10T and 20X13 with a high-intensity pulsed electron beam of the submillisecond duration of exposure is carried out. It is shown that the electron-beam processing of steel in the melting mode and the subsequent rapid crystallization is accompanied by a significant transformation of the surface layer structure, consisting in complete dissolution of original carbide phase particles; in formation of dendritic crystallization cells of submicron sizes; in occurrence of martensitic [gamma]->[alpha] and [gamma]->[epsilon] transformation; in re-allocation of nanosized particles of carbide and intermetallic phases

Fly ash particles spheroidization using low temperature plasma energy

The paper presents the investigations on producing spherical particles 65-110 [mu]m in size using the energy of low temperature plasma (LTP). These particles are based on flow ash produced by the thermal power plant in Seversk, Tomsk region, Russia. The obtained spherical particles have no defects and are characterized by a smooth exterior surface. The test bench is designed to produce these particles. With due regard for plasma temperature field distribution, it is shown that the transition of fly ash particles to a state of viscous flow occurs at 20 mm distance from the plasma jet. The X-ray phase analysis is carried out for the both original state of fly ash powders and the particles obtained. This analysis shows that fly ash contains 56.23 wt.% SiO[2]; 20.61 wt.% Al[2]O[3] and 17.55 wt.% Fe[2]O[3] phases that mostly contribute to the integral (experimental) intensity of the diffraction maximum. The LTP treatment results in a complex redistribution of the amorphous phase amount in the obtained spherical particles, including the reduction of O[2]Si, phase, increase of O[22]Al[20] and Fe[2]O[3] phases and change in Al, O density of O[22]Al[20] chemical unit cell

Phase transformations in the system Cu-Zn-Al under conditions far from equilibrium

It is shown that the alloy Cu-Zn-Al is a multiphase material. Under equilibrium conditions this alloy can form an α-phase (FCC crystalline lattice) and a β-phase (simple cubic crystalline lattice) based on copper. The possibility of formation of a γ-phase due to a three-component alloy composition is revealed. It is established that different chemical composition of the copper-based solid solution (alloys with zinc or alloys with aluminum), different concentration of the second element in a solid solution leads to the fact that within the same type of the crystalline lattice there is a certain amount of α- and γ-phases, differing in the parameter value of the crystalline lattice. The possibility of formation of powder alloys with an x-ray amorphous and a nanocrystalline structure using the plasma chemical synthesis methods is demonstrated. A wide variety of binary phases, each with different concentrations of zinc and aluminum in a solid copper-based solution is revealed. These results indicate that plasma-chemical synthesis of metal alloy powders is accompanied by separation of elements. Powders of the ternary composition are not detected