Voltage Collapse and the Nigerian National Grid

A modern electric power system network (PSN) is typically a large and complex engineering system whose healthy existence is crucial to industrial and socio-economic development of Nations. Voltage instability and collapse contribute to large extent to system collapse or blackouts and it is one of the major concerns for today’s electric power system operations. The Nigerian National grid (NNG) experiences on an average of thirty-five (35) system collapse every year over the past ten (10) years. This paper presents an overview and classification of system collapse on the NNG. Keywords — Voltage collapse, Voltage instability, and Nigerian National Grid (NNG

Performance Improvement of Wireless Network Based on Effective Data Transmission

A major requirement of any computer network is scalability. This can be as a result of increase in the number of users, upgrading due to technological advancement, additional services, or the need for performance improvement. This will inevitably require changing infrastructure, deploying new applications, and dealing with security which definitely touches both hardware and software, in the sense that, the complexities of the hardware, software and firmware increase with the attendant growth of the network and maintainability. However, for the network to remain reliable and efficient, it is necessary that, implementation and administration of it requires a means of monitoring both the model of the network structures and processes occurring in them. The efficiency and throughput of the network depend on improving the effectiveness of data transmission carried out by the network protocols. This paper discusses the use of a protocol to meet the technological challenge towards improving the performance and throughput of a wireless network based on effective data transmission

Implementation of Efficient Multilayer Perceptron ANN Neurons on Field Programmable Gate Array Chip

Artificial Neural Network is widely used to learn data from systems for different types of applications. The capability of different types of Integrated Circuit (IC) based ANN structures also depends on the hardware backbone used for their implementation. In this work, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN) neuron is developed. Experiments were carried out to demonstrate the hardware realization of the artificial neuron using FPGA. Two different activation functions (i.e. tan-sigmoid and log-sigmoid) were tested for the implementation of the proposed neuron. Simulation result shows that tan-sigmoid with a high index (i.e. k >= 40) is a better choice of sigmoid activation function for the harware implemetation of a MLP-ANN neuron

Implementation of Wi-Fi based location tracking system based on signal strength measurement and artificial neural network

Radio frequency signals are present everywhere and almost at any time, from GSM mobile phones to wireless devices. Wi-Fi enabled devices can be located within the area of deployment. A location system that takes advantage of the availability of these signals and the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measured by these mobile devices was developed using Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) as access points (APs). The concept of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was applied to the location system for computation of location coordinates. This allows for tolerance and generalization of results. Location information of target devices was made available via a web interface. The user had the option of selecting registered device in a location database server using Media Access Control (MAC) address of their tag and the computed location is displayed on a floor plan of the building

Non-linear Effect of Socio-spatial features on academic performances of HND Statistics students of the Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti

Students’ performances worldwide is a phenomenon that attracts researches since education is considered to be a tool to social and economic advancement of a nation as well as its citizenry. Nigeria situation in the recent time has been considered critical. Many earlier works have shown a general agreed decline in education while that decline has equally been attributed to ranging factors; primary and secondary schools were said to be shambles, while these underperforming schools are mainly considered as public or government school in Nigeria due to many social and economic downturns that are not the subject of this research. An attempt is made in this research work to delve into the general performances of students in higher institution using the the higher national diploma (HND) results of Statistics students of the Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti to examine the context of spatial study, the contribution of factors such as sex (peer effect), state, primary and secondary school type attended as well as the ages of students. Tests show significant effect of the variables and further investigation reveal higher influence between performance and type of primary school attended, however positive relationship declined for secondary school attended. The graphical illustration shows that age is found to have a non-linear influence on the academic performances. Keywords: Students, school attended, age, significant effect, performance

Fine needle aspiration cytology of breast lumps with histopathologic correlation in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria: a five-year review

Objective: To determine the histopathologic correlation of fine needle aspiration cytology FNAC of breast masses seen in the department of histopathology of the Federal Medical Center Owo, Southwestern Nigeria.Design: This is a 5-year retrospective study of breast lumps seen at Department of Histopathology, Federal Medical Centre Owo, a tertiary health care facility in Southwestern Nigeria between January 1 2010 and December 31 2014.Participants: All patients who had Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Breast lumps with subsequent histological confirmation over this period were included in the study.Results: In the five years under review (2010-2014), a total of 289 FNAC of breast lumps were done. The aspirates were obtained from 275 (95.2%) females and 14 (4.8%) males. There were 161 cases of FNAC with corresponding tissue for histological correlation giving a biopsy rate of 55.7%. The sensitivity of FNAC in determining the final histologic diagnosis was found to be 99.4% while the specificity was 100%. FNAC was able to determine final histologic diagnosis conclusively in 86.3% of cases.Conclusion: We therefore concluded that FNAC is a reliable diagnostic tool of breast lumps in our centre. Being a fast and cheap diagnostic tool as highlighted by previous studies, we advocate that clinicians should continue to embrace this diagnostic technique in the surgical management of breast lumps.Funding: This study was entirely funded by the authors

Impact of Microwave Irradiation Energy Levels on Molecular Rotation, Structural, Physicochemical, Proximate and Functional Properties of Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Starch

Starch isolated from potato was subjected to microwave treatment at different energy levels (200 - 800 W) to modify the functional, structural and physicochemical properties, as well as induce molecular rotation of the hydroxyl group on the starch polysaccharide. Proximate analyses revealed that moisture content reduced, while ash, protein, fat and fibre increased after modification. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra indicated a strong shift in absorption band of OH from 3441 to 3454 cm-1. Optical light microscopy revealed that starch granules were oval and spherical in shape with hyla on some of the granules. Least gelation concentration reduced following microwave treatment. Compared with the native starch, the pasting parameters of the microwave treated starches decreased, with the exception of set­back viscosity for starch modified at 800 W. Onset temperature (TO), peak temperature (TP) and conclusion temperature (TC) of gelatinization increased in microwave treated starches compared with native potato starch. Also, gelatinization enthalpy increased from 8.21 J/g in native starch to 15.39, 16.36, 17.76 and 38.06 J/g in microwave treated starches at 200, 400, 600, and 800 W, respectively. It was concluded that the energy of microwave irradiation can induce and accelerate molecular rotation of the hydroxyl group on the starch polysaccharide

Unusually High Prevalence of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Male University Students on Redemption Camp, Ogun State, Nigeria

Differences are known to occur in prevalence rates in urinary tract infections (UTI) between men and women due to the difference between the urinary tracts of the sexes. Moreover, different organisms are known to infect and cause bacteriuria in men. When urine samples from 55 apparently healthy male students of Redeemer’s University were examined, nine bacteria species including Micrococcus luteus, Viellonella parvula, Micrococcus varians, Streptococcus downei, Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyrogenes, Staphylococcus saprophyticus,and Enterococcus aquimarinus were isolated from the samples. The two most prevalent organisms reported in this study were Micrococcus luteus (40%) and Micrococcus varians (27.3%). The implication of the high prevalence rates (54.5%) of asymptomatic bacteriuria obtained in this population is discussed.Key words: Asymptomatic UTI, bacteriuria, Micrococcus luteu

Metadata Extraction from References of Different Styles

Metadata extraction is the process of describing extrinsic and intrinsic qualities of the resource such as document, image, video, including getting data from references. References form an essential part of electronic scholarly publications. A reference is the way of giving acknowledgment to individuals for their creative and intellectual works that one utilized in his or her research work. It can also be used to locate particular sources and combat plagiarism. A reference style dictates the information necessary for a reference and how the information is ordered. Accurate and automatic reference metadata generation provides scalability, interoperability and usability for digital libraries of both public and private institution and their collections. Accurate reference metadata extraction becomes an intriguing task to researchers who want to collect data of scientific publications; therefore, this research work proposes a metadata extraction from references of different styles with the use of regular expression. This work accurately extract metadata such as author, title of article, volume, year of publication and institution from references of different styles limiting it to six referencing style

Trip pattern of low density residential area in semi urban industrial cluster: predictive modeling

This research elucidates the trip pattern of the low-density residential zone in a semi-urban industrial cluster of southwestern Nigeria. These sets of dwellers are often times neglected in the transportation planning process. To achieve the aim of this research, domiciliary information gathering procedure was employed with 0.82 return rates. It was backed up with the focus group discussion method. Data on frequency of trips, per capita trip, modal choice, and socioeconomic and demographic data were collected, collated, and analysed. Accordingly, a predictive model was formulated for the trip pattern of the low-density area. This was achieved with the aid of statistical software SPSS version 21.Consequently, the results of the multiple regression models showed that both monthly income and car ownership had a significant positive influence on the work trip while only car ownership positively influences non-work trip. R2 values of 0.729 and 0.739 were obtained for the descriptive model at 95% confidence level. This established the robustness of the model, the analysis showed that monthly income and car ownership had a significant positive influence on the work trip with an Rsquare value of 0.729 and 0.739 for work and non-work trip respectively. This indicated that household will embark on more trips with an increase in car ownership and monthly income. However, effective transportation planning and traffic infrastructural development were recommended to meet the demands of the increased number of trips daily