Vaccination and Mortality of Patients with a Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19): A Global Approach

Aim. The aim is to study the correlation between the vaccination rate (VR) and mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 (MpCOV).Methods. The countries with gross domestic product per capita corrected for purchasing power parity (GDP PPP) over $-10,000 were selected for an ecologic study. The city-states and countries with a population of 1,000,000 were excluded. The number of patients who died from COVID-19 within a week was divided by the number of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 within a week 20 days earlier to calculate MpCOV.Results. We included 85 countries. VR (r = –0.604; p < 0.001) and GDPpcPPP level (p = 0.202), is an independent determinant of MpCOV. There was no significant difference in MpCOV between groups of countries with VR < 20 % and 20–39 % (1.96 [1.21; 4.67] vs. 1.96 [1.01; 3.36] %; p = 0.464). MpCOV was higher in countries where VR were lower when groups of countries with VR of 20–39 %, 40–59 %, 60–79 %, and ≥80 % were compared (1.96 [1.01; 3.36] vs. 1.11 [0.76; 1.64] vs. 0.50 [0.39; 1.00] vs. 0.16 [0.10; 0.21]; p = 0.003; p = 0.020, and p = 0.008).Conclusions. An increase in VR correlates with a decrease in MpCOV

Molecular-genetic mechanisms underlying fruit and seed coloration in plants

Diverse patterns of plant fruit and seed coloration are determined by the presence of two main types of pigment, carotenoids (red, orange and yellow color) and anthocyanins (purple, blue, red). Thеy belong to two groups of secondary metabolites, isoprenoids and flavonoids. Interest towards the genetic mechanisms that control coloration in plants has recently increased due to the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some pigments and their colorless precursors consumed with plant-derived food. The genes encoding enzymes involved in step-bystep conversion of initial organic molecules to final pigmented compounds are referred to as structural genes, while regulatory genes are responsible for activation of the expression of structural genes and control the synthesis of pigments at certain times and in proper tissue. The data in plant genetics accumulated to date show that the inter- and intraspecies phenotypic diversity in coloration is mainly related with regulatory genes. Previously developed rich gene collections and precise genetic models for coloration traits in dicots and monocots as well as the rapid development of molecular genetic methods for studying plants allowed for studying genetic regulation of pigment synthesis at a molecular level. The peculiarities of the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis are exemplified with Solanaceae fruits. The genetic mechanisms underlying the synthesis of various flavonoid pigments are exemplified with a study of seed color in Poaceae plants. In summary, prospects for the practical use of regulatory genes that control pigment synthesis are discussed and examples of their practical use in vegetable and cereal crop breeding are given

Mortality and lethality mortality in stroke in Dagestan

Held in Dagestan in 2010 stroke registry has allowed to establish indicators of mortality and case fatality rate for all types of stroke among urban and rural population, among all nationalities, as well as in all age groups. The standardized death rate from stroke for the Republic of Dagestan 0,54, in the cities of 0,53, in rural areas of 0,55. Total lethality in the Republic of Dagestan — 38,27%, in cities - 32,57%, in a countryside - 42,87%.Проводимый в Дагестане в 2010 году регистр инсульта позволил установить показатели смертности и летальности при всех типах инсульта среди городского и сельского населения, среди всех национальностей, а также во всех возрастных группах. Стандартизированный показатель смертности от инсульта по Республике Дагестан составил 0,54, в городах 0,53, в сельской местности 0,55. Общая летальность по Республике Дагестан - 38,27%, в городах - 32,57%, в сельской местности -42,87%

The incidence of stroke in Dagestan

Results are presented for the first time conducted an epidemiological study. Held in Dagestan in 2010 stroke registry has allowed to establish the incidence of stroke among urban and rural population, and among all ethnic groups, as well as in all age groups. For 2010 stroke hurt 3413 people. Morbidity in the Republic of Dagestan amounted to 2,79. The proportion of ischemic stroke in 2010,72%, a hemorrhagic 20,3%, undifferentiated of 7.7%. The average age of first stroke in 2010 was 66,43 years.Представлены результаты впервые проводимого эпидемиологического исследования. Проводимый в Дагестане в 2010 году регистр инсульта позволил установить показатели заболеваемости инсультом среди городского и сельского населения, среди всех национальностей, а также во всех возрастных группах. За 2010 год инсультами заболело 3413 человек. Заболеваемость в Республике Дагестан составила 2,79. Доля ишемического инсульта в 2010 году - 72%, геморрагического 20,3%, недифференцированного 7,7%. Средний возраст начала инсульта в 2010 составил 66,43 лет

Use of a volumetric-stable collagen matrix to correct soft tissue volume

Aim. To study keratinized gingiva using a volume-stable collagen matrix in the first 6 months after soft tissue augmentation.Materials and methods. The clinical study included 59 patients (27 men and 32 women, aged 27 to 50). The surgical protocol includes the following steps: supracrestal incision with a full-thickness flap elevation. Setting the stable collagen matrix (Fibro-Gide®, Geistlich Pharma, Wolhusen, Switzerland). The flap was closed with 5-0 non-absorbable nylon continuous sutures.Results. The average operation time was 75.1 ± 13.2 minutes. The width of the keratinized gingiva before the operation was 0.7 ± 0.32 mm and after 180 days its dimensions were 9.3 ± 3.1 mm.Conclusions. The results of this study showed that 3D collagen matrix is an effective agent for soft tissue augmentation in the implant area

The genesis of budgetary federalism and interbudgetary relation formation and development in the Russian Federation

Budgetary federalism in modern conditions acts as a key link in the financial system of the Russian Federation. And this is natural, because the efficiency of the entire budgetary system, and hence the economy of the national economy as a whole, depends on the effectiveness of budgetary federalism functioning. Of course, one can hardly overestimate the importance of budgetary federalism for such countries as Russia, the United States, Great Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany, and others, which are considered as a federal state. One of the most important problems in federal countries is the need to develop a modern economic mechanism for vertical alignment in order to distribute optimally the financial flows between the corresponding levels of the budget system.Another independent problem is the need for horizontal alignment

Mesiodens in a permanent and mixed dentition

Supernumerary teeth are considered one of the most significant tooth abnormalities in the initial and early stages of mixed and primary dentition. They are of great importance to dentists and parents because of the problems that they can cause. Mesiodens is one of the supernumerary teeth. Early recognition and diagnosis of this anomaly is important to prevent further complications. The aim of this review is to clarify the literature regarding the clinical, radiological aspects, treatment, and complications associated with mesiodens in primary and mixed teeth