Outage Analysis for SWIPT-Enabled Two-Way Cognitive Cooperative Communications

In this paper, we study a cooperative cognitive radio network (CCRN) where the secondary user-transmitter (SU-Tx) assists bi-directional communication between a pair of primary users (PUs) following the principle of two-way relaying. In return, it gets access to the spectrum of the PUs to enable its own transmission to SU-receiver (SU-Rx). Further, in order to support sustainable operation of the network, SU-Tx is assumed to harvest energy from the RF signals received from the PUs, using the technique of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). Assuming a decode-and-forward behaviour and power-splitting based relaying protocol at SU-Tx, closed form expressions for outage probability of PU and SU are obtained. Simulation results validate our analytical results and illustrate spectrum-efficiency and energy-efficiency advantages of the proposed system over one-way relaying.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technolog

On the Fock space for nonrelativistic anyon fields and braided tensor products

We realize the physical N-anyon Hilbert spaces, introduced previously via unitary representations of the group of diffeomorphisms of the plane, as N-fold braided-symmetric tensor products of the 1-particle Hilbert space. This perspective provides a convenient Fock space construction for nonrelativistic anyon quantum fields along the more usual lines of boson and fermion fields, but in a braided category. We see how essential physical information is thus encoded. In particular we show how the algebraic structure of our anyonic Fock space leads to a natural anyonic exclusion principle related to intermediate occupation number statistics, and obtain the partition function for an idealised gas of fixed anyonic vortices.Comment: Added some references, more explicit formulae for the discrete case and remark on partition function. 25 pages latex, no figure

Features of deSitter Vacua in M-Theory

We compute the masses of all moduli in the unstable deSitter vacua arising in the toy model of cosmological M-theory flux compactifications on the G2 holonomy manifolds of [1]. The slow-roll parameters in the tachyonic directions are shown to be too large to be useful for conventional models of inflation. However, it appears that we can find fast roll regimes which could, under certain conditions, account for the current dark energy driven accelerated expansion of the universe.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figur

Analysing the roles and relationships of NGOs:a case study of ODL’s philanthropic program for rehabilitation of traumatized immigrants

Abstract. Business academics and professionals, both, have well recognized that NGOs are very dynamic, non-state, and non-profit actors in the market, which can impact several operations and strategies of businesses. NGOs operate in a different way than public and private institutions and have diverse relationships among public and private institutions. The roles and relationships of NGOs with other institutions have an impact on their own operations. This study examines the roles and relationships of NGOs in three spheres, i.e., business, society, and the state. Also, this study does a case study of ODL’s philanthropic program for the rehabilitation of traumatized immigrants to explore the impacts of this philanthropic deed on ODL, which is a 127-year-old NGO operating in Finland. Immigration has been increasing in Finland, and ODL, as a Finnish NGO, has recognized the challenges faced by immigrants in Finland and has launched a rehabilitation program to help immigrants facing traumatic experiences since 2006. This study is non-positivist, exploratory, single-case study-based qualitative research that uses abductive reasoning. This study has two major questions, i.e., “Why do NGOs matter to business, society, and the state?” and “What are the impacts of ODL’s philanthropic program of rehabilitation of traumatized immigrants?” In this research, semi-structured interviews were conducted in a detailed manner. The narrative data is extracted from the views of six NGO professionals who have long experience in top management positions in the NGO sector. One interviewee in this study is the beneficiary of ODL’s rehabilitation program for traumatized immigrants. QSR NVivo has been used in this study to transcribe and code narrative data from interviews. The findings of this research show that, in fact, NGOs have very influential impacts on businesses, society, and the state. Their collaborative relationship with businesses is formed based on matching interests, whereas NGOs must prove themselves in society through their different successful social initiatives to maintain their worth and also to gain credibility, trust, image, and capital. NGOs connect with state agencies and desire to go along with state policies to gain legitimacy, resources, and flexibility in their operations. On the other hand, philanthropy is both the income and the action of NGOs, and it is very essential for them to function. The case study of the impacts of ODL’s philanthropic program of rehabilitation of traumatized immigrants has revealed two sorts of impacts: impacts on ODL as a service provider and impacts on beneficiaries of this program. The generalization of this study in NGO research, however, would be challenging despite of its high relevance to ODL. This study has been done in conjunction with a Finland-based NGO and Finland-based interviewees; thus, more exploratory, comparative, and multiple case study-based research is needed to explore more about NGOs in the future. This research has stepped in as preliminary exploratory, single-case study-based qualitative research. Also, this study has put its efforts into answering business researchers’ call for independent study on NGOs as separate institutions