Kinematic characteristics of kicking movement on different condition in collegiate soccer players

The purpose of this study was to evaluated kicking movement under the different conditions using a motion capture system, and to investigate the kinematic characteristics of kicking movement. The subjects were 11 male collegiate soccer players. Subjects were performed kicking movement on the to stationary ball (SB) and passed ball (PB) at the maximal efforts. The ball velocity was measured by speed gun. The center of gravity and the movement velocities of each part of the kicking leg were measured by the motion capture system. No significant differences were observed between the SB and PB conditions for ball velocity, maximum foot swing, and maximum segment velocity for each body part. On the other hand, the values of the aiding speed were significantly higher in SB than that of PB condition. In PB condition, the tendency for the center of gravity, thigh and lower leg maximum velocity to appear earlier than in SB condition was confirmed. In addition, the velocity of the center of gravity in PB condition was significantly lower than that of SB condition during the 90％ and 95％ normalized phases immediately to impact. From these results, it was indicated that the kicking movement for a ground ball is characterized by a deceleration of the center of gravity velocity just before the kick for achieve an accurate impact

Biomechanics study on Penche rotation in Japanese elite female rhythmic gymnast

This study aimed to compare the angular momentum during Penche rotations in skilled and unskilled rhythmic gymnastics. Eleven collegiate female rhythmic gymnasts participated in this study. The experimental trial consisted of Penche rotations intended to turn many number of rotations as possible. The skilled group (n＝6) consisted of athletes who could perform 2 to 3 rotations, and the unskilled group (n＝5) consisted of athletes who performed one rotation or less. Kinematics data were collected using a motion capture system to calculate angular momentum around the body’s center of gravity and the z-axis for each segment. The skilled group that performed two to three Penche rotation rotations had significantly greater angular momentum around the body center of gravity, head, trunk, pelvis, left upper extremity, and free leg than the unskilled group. The maximum angular momentum of the right upper limb in the preparatory phase was significantly greater in the skilled group than in the unskilled group. These results suggest that the movements of the left and right upper limbs and the free leg in the preparatory phase are important to increase the number of Penche rotations

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