The ideal of the certainty in law: the skin and the heart of law

The doubt about certainty like an absolute value in law and as an ideal full in legal system (argument about impossibility) is a controversial fact in contemporary legal theory. In this text I examine some contemporary doctrines about the classic understanding (in critical sense) of this ideal. I have selected the most representative doctrines: doctrine about "open texture of Law" (H.L.A. Hart), starting point in this discussion; doctrine about "Il Diritto mite" (G. Zagrebelsky), from the continental European legal tradition at present; and doctrine about "vagueness in Law" (T.A.O. Endicott), this doctrine is the most recent, from the Anglo-Saxon legal tradition. Finally, in Conclusions, I analyze if this doubt (argument about impossibility) contaminates (in some sense) to the concept of law or to the characteristics that describe law in the contemporary Constitutional State

Contractions from osp(1∣32)⊕osp(1∣32)osp(1|32) \oplus osp(1|32) to the M-theory superalgebra extended by additional fermionic generators

We study here the generalized Weimar-Woods contractions of the superalgebra $osp(1|32) \oplus osp(1|32)$ in order to obtain a suitable algebra that could describe the gauge group of $D=11$ supergravity. The contracted superalgebras are assumed to be given in terms of fermionic extensions of the M-theory superalgebra. We show that the only superalgebra of this type obtained by contraction is the only one for which the three-form of $D=11$ supergravity cannot be trivialized. Therefore, $D=11$ supergravity cannot be connected in this way with a contraction of $osp(1|32) \oplus osp(1|32)$

Correlator expansion approach to stationary states of weakly coupled cavity arrays

We introduce a method for calculating the stationary state of a translation invariant array of weakly coupled cavities in the presence of dissipation and coherent as well as incoherent drives. Instead of computing the full density matrix our method directly calculates the correlation functions which are relevant for obtaining all local quantities of interest. It considers an expansion of the correlation functions and their equations of motion in powers of the photon tunneling rate between adjacent cavities, leading to an exact second order solution for any number of cavities. Our method provides a controllable approximation for weak tunneling rates applicable to the strongly correlated regime that is dominated by nonlinearities in the cavities and thus of high interest.Comment: contribution to J. Phys. B special issue celebrating Jaynes-Cummings physic

Impact of extra particles on indirect Z' limits

We study the possibility of relaxing the indirect limits on extra neutral vector bosons by their interplay with additional new particles. They can be systematically weakened, even below present direct bounds at colliders, by the addition of more vector bosons and/or scalars designed for this purpose. Otherwise, they appear to be robust.Comment: Latex 23 pages, 8 eps figures. Minor changes, version published in Phys. Rev.

Discrete regularisation of localised kinetic terms

We investigate the behaviour of 5d models with general brane kinetic terms by discretising the extra dimension. We show that in the continuum limit the Kaluza-Klein masses and wave functions are in general nonanalytic in the coefficients of brane terms.Comment: Presented at the 7th DESY Workshop on Elementary Particle Theory ``Loops and Legs in Quantum Field Theory'', Zinnowitz, April 25-30, 200