10 research outputs found

    Study on the Analysis of Post-Translational Modification in Protein by Mass Spectrometry

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    A tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer was built for photodissociation of singly protonated peptides and small proteins generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization. Photodissociation was done in a second source after deceleration of precursor ions. The delayed extraction/post-acceleration scheme was used for the product ions. For the photodissociation at 193 nm of small singly protonated peptides, the present instrument showed much better sensitivity and resolution for product ions than the previous one, even though the overall spectral patterns obtained with the two instruments were similar. The present instrument was inferior in precursor ion selection and background noise level. Photodissociation was achieved for precursor ions as large as the singly protonated ubiquitin (m/z 8560.63), indicating that the photoexcitation is capable of supplying a sufficient amount of internal energy to dissociate large singly protonated proteins. As the precursor ion m/z increased, however, product ion signals deteriorated rather rapidly. As in the photodissociation of small peptide ions with m/z around 1000, the types of the product ions generated from singly protonated peptides with m/z in the range 2000-4000 were mostly determined by the positions of arginine residues. Namely, an and dn ions dominated when an arginine residue(s) was near the N-terminus while vn, wn, xn and yn dominated when the same residue(s) was near the C-terminus. In addition, dn, vn and wn ions were generated according to the correlation rules previously observed in the collisionally activated dissociation. Isoleucine and leucine isomers could be easily distinguished based on the wn and dn ions. A time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with two reflectrons was constructed for multiplexed photodissociation tandem mass spectrometry of peptide ions generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization. A linear reflectron was used for high resolution selection of a precursor ion while a quadratic reflectron was used for product ion analysis. By photoexciting a precursor ion inside a cell floated at high voltage, information (MS3) on intermediate ions generating a particular product ion was obtained. Fully multiplexed detection resulted in good MS3 signal levels. Use of the quadratic reflectron allowed intermediate ion mass determination within 4 Da. Post-translational modification is the chemical modification of a protein. After translation, the post-translational modification of amino acids changing the structure and functions of protein by attaching to them other biochemical functional groups such as phosphate, sulfate, carbohydrates. In various post-translational modifications, phosphorylation and nitration of protein were investigated. For tryptic phosphopeptide analysis, we used photodissociation (PD) multi-stage (MSn) time-of-flight mass spectrometry that can monitor reaction intermediates with lifetime as short as 100 nsec to study the formation of dephosphorylated sequence ions such as yn βˆ’ H3PO4. yn βˆ’ H3PO4 was found to be formed mainly by H3PO4 loss from yn. Even when yn was absent in PD-MS2 spectrum, its m/z could be predicted from those of yn βˆ’ H3PO4. Complete sequence coverage was possible when the data from PD-MS2 and PD-MS3 were combined, demonstrating the utility of transient ion detection by PD-MS3 for structure analysis. In ultraviolet photodissociation of phosphopeptide ions with a basic residue (arginine, lysine, or histidine) at the N-terminus, intense an βˆ’ 97 peaks were observed. These ions were formed by cleavage at phosphorylated residues only. For multiply phosphorylated peptides, this site-specific cleavage occurred at every phosphorylated residue. H/D exchange studies showed that an βˆ’ 97 was formed by H3PO4 loss from an + 1 radical cations. Nitration of tyrosine residues in proteins is an important post-translational modification related to various diseases such as Alzheimers. In this work, efficient and selective photodissociation (PD) at 355 nm was observed for [M + H]+, [M + H – 16]+, and [M + H – 32]+ generated by matrix-assisted ultraviolet laser desorption ionization (UV-MALDI) of tyrosine-nitrated peptides (nitropeptides). Product ion spectra obtained by post-source PD at this wavelength contained useful information on amino acid sequence. The spectra for nitropeptides obtained with 355 nm irradiation inside the ion source (MALDI/in-source PD) displayed characteristic triplet patterns due to PD of the above ions. For peptides displaying prominent signal in MALDI mass map of a tryptic mixture, which are mostly those with arginine at the C-terminus, in-source PD allowed positive identification of their tyrosine-nitrated forms. Identification of such nitropeptides was possible at the 10 fmol level in tryptic digest of 100 fmol BSA.맀트릭슀 보쑰 λ ˆμ΄μ € νƒˆμ°© μ΄μ˜¨ν™”μ— μ˜ν•΄ μƒμ„±λœ νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œ 이온 및 μ§ˆλŸ‰μ΄ μž‘μ€ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ 이온의 κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 이 단계 μ§ˆλŸ‰λΆ„μ„κΈ°λ₯Ό μ œμž‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이온의 감속 ν›„ 두 번째 μ΄μ˜¨μ›μ—μ„œ κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄λ₯Ό ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œ 이온의 193 파μž₯ κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄ μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ€ 기쑴에 μ œμž‘λœ μ§ˆλŸ‰λΆ„μ„κΈ°μ™€ 거의 같은 κ²½ν–₯을 λ³΄μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜ 더 쒋은 감도와 뢄별λŠ₯을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 선택적 λ™μœ„μ›μ†Œ κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄λ₯Ό ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆκ³  작음이 λ§Žμ•˜λ‹€. λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ 이온이 λΆ„ν•΄λ˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ λ‚΄λΆ€μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λ ˆμ΄μ €κ°€ 곡급할 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μœ λΉ„ν€΄ν‹΄ 이온의 κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€κ³  κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§ˆλŸ‰μ΄ μ»€μ§€λ©΄μ„œ 생성 이온의 μ‹ ν˜Έκ°€ κΈ‰κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ κ°μ†Œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ§ˆλŸ‰ λŒ€ μ „ν•˜λΉ„κ°€ 1000 인 νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œ 이온의 κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄ μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ²˜λŸΌ μ§ˆλŸ‰ λŒ€ μ „ν•˜λΉ„κ°€ 2000-4000 인 νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œ 이온의 κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄ μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌλ„ μ•„λ₯΄κΈ°λ‹Œμ˜ μœ„μΉ˜μ— 따라 μƒμ„±λœ 이온이 κ²°μ •λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 맀트릭슀 보쑰 λ ˆμ΄μ € νƒˆμ°© μ΄μ˜¨ν™”μ— μ˜ν•΄ μƒμ„±λœ νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œ 이온의 닀쀑 κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 두 개의 λ¦¬ν”Œλ ‰νŠΈλ‘ μœΌλ‘œ 이루어진 λΉ„ν–‰μ‹œκ°„ν˜• μ§ˆλŸ‰λΆ„μ„κΈ°λ₯Ό μ œμž‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ„ ν˜• ν¬ν…μ…œ λ¦¬ν”Œλ ‰νŠΈλ‘ μ€ 이온의 고뢄별λŠ₯을 μœ„ν•΄ μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜μ˜€κ³  생성 이온의 뢄석을 μœ„ν•΄ 이차 ν¬ν…μ…œ λ¦¬ν”Œλ ‰νŠΈλ‘ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 고전압이 적용된 μ…€ λ‚΄λΆ€μ—μ„œμ˜ κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄λ‘œ μ΅œμ’… μƒμ„±μ΄μ˜¨μ˜ 쀑간 μ΄μ˜¨λ“€μ˜ μ§ˆλŸ‰μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” μ‚Ό 단계 μ§ˆλŸ‰λΆ„μ„ μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄λ‹€. 4 Da λ‚΄μ˜ 였차둜 λͺ¨λ“  생성 이온의 쀑간 μ΄μ˜¨μ„ ν•œ λ²ˆμ— μ•Œμ•„ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­ ν›„ μˆ˜μ‹μ€ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ˜ 화학적 λ³€ν˜•μ΄λ‹€. μ•„λ―Έλ…Έμ‚°μ˜ λ²ˆμ—­ ν›„ μˆ˜μ‹μ€ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ˜ ꡬ쑰와 κΈ°λŠ₯에 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ”λ°, 인산염, ν™©μ‚°μ—Ό, νƒ„μˆ˜ν™”λ¬Ό λ“±μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯ 그룹이 κ²°ν•©λ˜λ©΄μ„œ λ°œμƒν•œλ‹€. 기쑴에 μ œμž‘ν•œ μ§ˆλŸ‰λΆ„μ„κΈ°λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ˜ λ²ˆμ—­ ν›„ μˆ˜μ‹μ—μ„œ 인산화와 λ‚˜μ΄νŠΈλ‘œν™”λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. νŠΈλ¦½μ‹ μ— μ˜ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ 인산화 νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œ 뢄석은 μ€‘κ°„λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ‹€ 단계 μ§ˆλŸ‰λΆ„μ„κΈ°λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이 단계 μ§ˆλŸ‰ μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μ—†λŠ” νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œ μˆœμ„œ κ²°μ • μ΄μ˜¨μ„ λ‹€ 단계 κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄ μ§ˆλŸ‰ μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ—μ„œ 확인 ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 인산화 νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œμ˜ μˆœμ„œ 결정을 ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 염기도가 큰 아미노산인 μ•„λ₯΄κΈ°λ‹Œ, νžˆμŠ€ν‹°λ”˜, 라이신 아미노산이 νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œμ˜ N 말단에 μžˆλŠ” 인산화 νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œμ˜ κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄ μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ—μ„œ νŠΉμ§•μ μΈ 이온이 κ²€μΆœλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이 μ΄μ˜¨μ€ 인산화가 된 아미노산이 μžˆλŠ” μœ„μΉ˜μ—μ„œλ§Œ μƒμ„±λ˜μ–΄ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ, 이 이온이 κ²€μΆœλ˜λŠ” μœ„μΉ˜λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ 인산화 자리λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ λ‚΄ νƒ€μ΄λ‘œμ‹ μ˜ λ‚˜μ΄νŠΈλ‘œν™”λŠ” μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ 병과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ€‘μš”ν•œλ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ λ²ˆμ—­ ν›„ μˆ˜μ‹μ΄λ‹€. 355 파μž₯의 λ ˆμ΄μ €λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 효과적이고 μ„ νƒμ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ΄νŠΈλ‘œν™” νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œλ₯Ό κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄ ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄μ˜¨μ› μ™Έ κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄ μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ€ λ‚˜μ΄νŠΈλ‘œν™” νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œμ˜ μˆœμ„œ 결정을 ν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움이 λ˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. νŠΈλ¦½μ‹ μ— μ˜ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œ ν˜Όν•©λ¬Όμ— λ‚˜μ΄νŠΈλ‘œν™” νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œλ₯Ό 넣은 ν›„ 맀트릭슀 보쑰 λ ˆμ΄μ € νƒˆμ°© μ΄μ˜¨ν™”λ‘œ μ΄μ˜¨μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ΄μ˜¨μ› λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 355 λ ˆμ΄μ €λ‘œ κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‚˜μ΄νŠΈλ‘œν™” νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œλ§Œμ„ μ„ νƒμ μœΌλ‘œ κ΄‘λΆ„ν•΄ ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³  이둜써 μ‰½κ²Œ λ‚˜μ΄νŠΈλ‘œν™” νŽ©νƒ€μ΄λ“œλ§Œμ„ 찾을 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.Docto

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