Beyond Paternalism: The Role of Counsel for Children in Abuse and Neglect Proceedings

[Excerpt] “Across the nation, lawyers routinely represent children who enter the juvenile court system. Juvenile court systems typically handle two types of cases: delinquency and dependency. Delinquency refers to those cases where children are accused of wrongdoing, which generally means a criminal offense. Dependency cases involve situations where the child is alleged to be mistreated, i.e. abused or neglected, by parents or guardians. Lawyers are involved in both types of proceedings most traditionally as representatives of the state. Lawyers represent the state and bring forth charges of criminal conduct against the child in delinquency proceedings. Lawyers represent the state and bring forth allegations of abuse and neglect against the parents or guardians of the child in dependency proceedings. In both types of proceedings, lawyers function as advocates for the state’s position. Lawyers are also appointed to represent parents in dependency matters and function as advocates for their clients, by protecting the fundamental rights and interests of parents in these cases where parental rights are directly at issue. The right to counsel for children in juvenile court proceedings is a relatively recent phenomenon. Prior to 1967, children did not have a right to counsel in juvenile court. In 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court in In re Gault held that children in juvenile delinquency proceedings have due process rights, including the right to counsel. A few years later in 1974, Congress enacted the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (“CAPTA”) which mandated that states appoint representatives for children in abuse and neglect proceedings in order to receive federal child abuse prevention and treatment funding. For over four decades, the roles, duties and responsibilities of the child’s attorney in juvenile court have been the subject of extensive debate and discussion among scholars, judges and practitioners. Currently, a general consensus exists that in delinquency matters, children have a right to counsel who functions as a legal advocate in the traditional sense. However, the right to counsel and the role of the counsel in dependency proceedings continues to be the subject of debate.

Segal-Bargmann Transform and Paley-Wiener Theorems on Motion Groups

We study the Segal-Bargmann transform on a motion group Rn n K; where K is a compact subgroup of SO(n): A characterization of the Poisson integrals associated to the Laplacian on Rn n K is given. We also establish a Paley-Wiener type theorem using the complexified representations.Comment: 24 page

Indian Economic Growth: Lessons for the Emerging Economies

Can we use neoclassical growth model to single out the important transmission channels through which external factors or ?primitives? affected the Indian economy and caused the remarkable growth of the period 1982?2002? In this paper, we answer the question by applying the new technique of business cycle accounting to the Indian economy. Our results show us that the primary conduit of policies that brought about significant growth in India was productivity that registered an unprecedented increase particularly in the 1990s. Our results further indicate that changes in labour market frictions and investment market frictions did not play a significant role, though increased government consumption aided growth by propping up demand. In addition, we examine the effective tax rates in India and find that while investment taxes barely fluctuated, income tax rates were increasing throughout. We suspect other positive developments in the Indian economy overwhelmed the negative effect of increasing labour income taxes on growth. Our result suggests that any emerging country that aims to replicate the Indian experience would do well to formulate policies that target productivity, a lesson that seems consistent with the Japanese experience since the Second World War.business cycle accounting, India, growth, wedges, neoclassical growth, taxes

Business Cycle Accounting-How important are technology shocks as a propagation mechanism? Some new evidence from Japan

This paper investigates the role of technology shocks as a propagation mechanism for business cycles using the new technique of business cycle accounting (BCA) and some new evidence from Japan. BCA technique enables us to model the economy as a standard growth model, but extends it to allow multiple propagation channels (referred to as wedges). Applying it to Japan during the period 1980 to 2000, I find that though technology shocks play an important role in propagating market frictions, they are by no means enough to account for the observed economic fluctuations. Investment wedges play a major role, something that standard RBC models fail to recognize and consequently tends to overemphasize the role of technology shocks.business cycle accounting, wedges, propagation mechanism, technology, aggregate fluctuations, japan

Technology as a channel of economic growth in India

After decades of slow growth since Independence from the British Raj, Indian economy registered its own small miracle, when growth rate of GDP per capita surpassed the long term growth rate of many advanced economies. What caused this miracle? In this paper, we search for an answer in the neoclassical growth model. We use productivity as measured by Solow residual as our exogenous shock. Our idea is to quantitatively measure to what extent ‡fluctuations in productivity can account for observed ‡uctuations in macro economic aggregates in India. We find that exogenous fl‡uctuations in productivity can well account for fl‡uctuations in output during the boom periods of 1982 to 1988 and 1993 to 2002. However, fluctuations in productivity alone results in a much worse drop in ouput during 1988 to 1993 than observed in the economy.technology, growth accounting, neoclassical growth, calibration, transition dynamics, India

Amplifying Business Cycles through Credit Constraints

Theory suggests that endogenous borrowing constraints amplify the impact of external shocks on the economy. How big is the amplification? In this paper, we quantitatively investigate this question in the context of a dynamic general equilibrium model with borrowing constraints under two alternatives: (1) borrowing constraint endogenously depends on the borrower's net worth (2) borrowing constraint is exogenous. Calibrating our model to the Japanese economy, we find evidence of significant amplification in our impulse responses. Quantitatively applying the model to the Japanese case, we find TFP can significantly account for the Japanese business cycle during the period 1980 to 2000 and the impact is much amplified when we assume that borrowing constraints are endogenously determined.Borrowing constraint; Endogenous; Net worth; Business cycle; Amplification

THE APPLICATION PROBLEM BASED LEARNING APPROACH WITH PICTURE MEDIA TO EXPLANATION TEXT WRITING LEARNING FOR JUNIOR HIGHSCHOOL STUDENT

The purpose of this study is to describe problem-based learning steps with the help of image media in the learning of explantation writing and writing results before and after the implementation of learning in control and experiment classes.The research location was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Bungursari Purwakarta in the 2019/2020 school year.The research method used is an experimental method with the design of a kuasi experiment.The research procedure is carried out with three stages, namely the implementation of the initial test of writing explantation text, the implementation of problem based learning with the help of image media in the experimental class while in the control class of problem based learning implementation only and the final test of writing explantation.The sampling technique used is purposive sampling based on the similarity of the student's cognitive level.The selected samples are grade VIII A students as experimental classes and grade VIII.B as control classes..Data analysis is done with quantitative data analysis with the help of SPSS 20.0 and Microsoft Excel 2013 programs. The results of the study show that the implementation of problem-based learning with the help of image media in learning can be done with the following stages, namely: 1) the introduction of learning with the delivery of the objectives of writing explantation learning; 2) formation of study groups; 3) providing explantation text stimulus facilitated by teachers by providing stimulus with image media; 3) identify problems with the exoplanet text in the image; 4) group and process data to answer questions; 5) convey the results of the discussion, and 6) conclude the learning.The results of writing were obtained that the improvement of writing ability of students whose learning using problem-based learning approach with the help of image media is better than those using problem based learning approach only.This is seen from the average difference test significance value below 0.05