Effect of Endogenous and Exogenous Agents in Platelet Adhesion

Platelet adhesion is regulated by both activators, such as adenosine diphosphate, and inhibitors, such as nitric oxide (NO). Both agents are released on platelet activation, so that platelets initiate both positive and negative feedback systems. In vivo platelet adhesion models generally consider the effects of platelet activators and inhibitors separately. The goal of this study was to create an environment in which interplay between positive and negative feedback can be observed together and in which the roles of endogenous and exogenous platelet activators are distinguishable. The results are expected to be applicable to the design of stents, which are susceptible to thrombus formation, and which provide multiple adjacent regions where platelet-released agents can interact with one another. To distinguish between the role of exogenous and endogenous agents, microchannels were produced that had multiple thrombogenic (fibrinogen) regions separated by non-thrombogenic (BSA-coated) regions. This geometry reveals the effect of agents released from different thrombogenic regions on one another. Adhesion was quantified by percent platelet surface area coverage. Surface area coverage differed between the upstream and downstream sides of the thrombogenic regions. Positive and negative feedback effects were enhanced by increased platelet production of activator and inhibitor. In contrast, when the NO donor DPTA NONOate was added, with the intent to overwhelm the endogenous feedback, a more uniform spatial distribution of adhesion was obtained. Though these agonists, activator (ADP) and inhibitor (NO), act on different receptors through different signaling pathways, they all lead to increase or decrease in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) depending on the agonist produced. Ca2+ is a key component and serves as second messenger in all cells regulatory processes. The increase in [Ca2+] leads to several steps of activation. The process leading Ca2+ to increase and decrease and its underlying mechanisms remained largely unknown.To examine Ca2+ response, platelets were loaded with the Fluo-4 Ca2+ ion indicators and fluorescence waveform was monitored. We found that Ca2+ response increased dose dependently with addition of an activator (ADP) and addition of endogenous (L-Arginine) and exogenous (DPTA NONOate) NO donor showed decrease in Ca2+ response in ADP stimulated platelets

Artificial Intelligence\u27s Impact on Social Engineering Attacks

This research paper aims to explore the concept of social engineering attacks and the impact of artificial intelligence on them. Security threats posed by Social Engineering have escalated significantly in recent years. Despite the availability of advanced security software and hardware mechanisms, a vulnerability still exists in the organization\u27s or individual\u27s defense system. In this paper we look at types of social engineering attacks and the basic techniques used by attackers will be described. The primary areas of study are how AI impacts social engineering and is used to detect and prevent social engineering attacks. The application of automated systems is rapidly growing in every lifestyle we imagine – social media, merchandise apps, driverless cars, and cybersecurity companies. Even though AI has improved cybersecurity, it is giving cybercriminals a position to unleash advanced attacks. The employment of chatbots is rising. Chances are we have had an interaction with a Chatbot already, it may well be on Facebook Messenger. Unfortunately, many of us do not realize that we are talking to a bot. This paper also discusses the concepts of voice spoofing, deep fakes and automated social engineering

A clinicopathological study of adnexal masses in the tertiary care hospital, Kadapa

Background: Adnexal mass is a common clinical presentation among women of all age groups and is extremely common among reproductive age groups. It may be gynecological or non-gynecological origin. The exact prevalence of adnexal mass could not be determined, as most of them develop and resolve without any clinical symptoms. Adnexal mass poses a special perplexity to the attending gynecologists, because the differential diagnosis is extensive and most masses are benign. Differential diagnosis of adnexal mass is complex and includes benign and malignant ovarian tumors, functional cysts, para ovarian cysts, tubo-ovarian abscess, ectopic pregnancy, hydrosalpinx, fimbrial cyst, tubal malignancies, broad ligament fibroid.Methods: It was a prospective study conducted in the department of gynecology, GGH, Kadapa. It was a tertiary care hospital. Total of hundred cases were included in the study based on selection criteria. Ethical committee approval was taken prior to the study.Results: A total 100 cases of adnexal masses were included in the study. 40% of study subjects had parity 2 and 11% had maximum parity 4. 81% of study subjects had surgical management. 45 patients had CA125 >35 u/ml. Among them 48% have benign lesions and 51% have malignant lesions. 92.72% of patients with CA125 <35 u/ml have benign lesions and 7.27% have malignant lesions.Conclusions: Adnexal mass was found to be more common in middle females (54%) in age group 31-50 years. Serous cystadenoma and simple serous cyst (25%) were common benign lesions and most common malignant lesion was serous cystadenocarcinoma

Entrepreneurship’s Impact on Personal Development and Self-Efficacy

Leadership is interpersonal influence exercised in a situation and directed through communication process towards the attainment of a specified goal or goals. It is the process of influencing and supporting others to work enthusiastically towards achieving objectives. By exercising his leadership, the leader tries to influence the behavior of individuals or group of individuals around him to achieve common goals. Leadership emphasis on transformation and therefore, transformational leadership emerges. Leadership is an important factor for making any type of organizations successful. Good leadership is essential in all aspects of managerial function whether it to be motivation, communication or direction. Good leadership ensures success in the organization and dissatisfactory human performance in any organization can be primarily attributed to perform leadership. In recent management practices a recent emphasis has been put on leadership development through training and development and by providing conducive work environment. Leadership development involves developing the qualities and attitudes in managers which help them to look into the future and being necessary change on proactive basis rather than or reactive basis. Entrepreneurial activities are associated with various uncertainties, complexities, and challenges. Higher education is need for the building of competencies of the Entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and abilities. Additionally, for successfully deals with the challenge, the student’s engagement is essential to create interpersonal relationship, teamwork, enabling task delegation, and building confidence among the group members. Actually, the entrepreneurial leader takes responsibility for their actions and those actions must be more proactive than reactive

An evaluation of the opinions of school nutrition professionals on the new meal pattern being implemented through the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) with a focus on the fruit and vegetable components

The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is a federally supported school meal program. The Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act (HHFKA), 2010 based on the recommendations by Institute of Medicine (IOM) introduced new meal pattern that comply with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 and these are the major changes made in the past 15 years to school meal programs. The objective of the study was to evaluate the opinions of school nutrition professionals on the new meal pattern being implemented through the NSLP with a focus on fruit and vegetable components. A questionnaire was developed and distributed at strategic locations. The participants in the study were school nutrition professionals attending their Annual School Nutrition Association (SNA) conferences in New York (NY) and Mississippi (MS) and also a Major City training symposium in MS. The study was focused on evaluation of 6 cent reimbursement per lunch as a motivational factor to achieve the new meal pattern, practices to encourage fruit and vegetable consumption in schools and their perception of challenges in meeting the new fruit and new vegetable subgroup requirement. The study also determined if differences existed between the Northeast, Southeast and Major city schools in the frequency of serving, plate waste, availability, cost and storage for various types of fruits and vegetables. Percentages, means, t-test and One-way ANOVA analysis, post-hoc comparisons were used to analyze the data. The majority of participants were from school districts (71.6%) and are district directors (42.7%). More than 50% of participants considered the 6 cent reimbursement per lunch motivating for the achievement of the new meal pattern. Nutrition education was the widely used practice to encourage fruit and vegetable consumption. Significant differences were found in the challenges for meeting new fruit and vegetable subgroup components and regional differences for the frequency of serving, plate waste, availability, cost and storage for some types of fruits and vegetables. Future research can be focused to evaluate the challenges of meeting other menu components and verify if the frequency of serving fruits and vegetables differ due to availability, cost and storage

L&D Manual Turn Lane Storage Validation/Update

Queuing occurs at intersections mostly due to overflow or inadequacy of turn bays. The ODOT L&D Manual Volume 1 has storage requirements for both signalized and unsignalized intersections. Figures 401-9E and 401-10E of the L&D Manual provide the required turn lane storage lengths which should be compared with the real world conditions to check for adequacy of these lengths as a measure of ensuring that accesses to the left turn lanes are not blocked. In addition to the projected turn lane volume, ODOT’s methodology incorporates both deceleration (based on the speed of the roadway) and potential blockage from the adjacent through lane. Currently, however, there are no records whether these storage lengths computed by the methodology put forth in this manual are valid and accurately represent the actual conditions at intersections in Ohio. This study used real world traffic and queue storage data at some intersections and analyzed these data to validate the model ODOT is currently using. This study used the observed field data to evaluate the ODOT’s model of storage length at intersections. In addition, the queue storage lengths observed from field data were compared with the prediction results of HCS and SYNCHRO computer packages. The model evaluation task evaluated the level of precision of each of the three models (ODOT, HCS, and SYNCHRO) with respect to the field data observation. L&D Manual lead the way by accurately predicting the observed queues by about 81.6% and closely followed by HCS, which also had a 79.2% prediction accuracy. SYNCHRO was by far the lowest with a 46.0% prediction accuracy

Developing an AC Power generator for wireless coupling in Radiation capsule Circuit

This Project main goal is to design a capsule inside and outside of Body for cancer treatment. A halfwave rectifier circuit was used to convert AC to DC current to drive the electromagnet inside the capsule. The inner capsule is moved up and down to control the opening and closing of the capsule. This is done using an electromagnet (solenoid). The electromagnet needs a DC current to move up or down. If there is an AC current to solenoid it will fluctuate. Input current should be sinusoidal because it minimizes harmonic distortion, reduces power losses and is compatible with most electrical devices and systems. Current through solenoid should be DC, because it produces a constant magnetic field within the solenoid coil, which is often required for various applications like electromagnets and inductors. For this circuit Frequency is 13.56MHz, and from that a DC current of 5mA is achieved, which is constant current. To test the circuit, an AC power signal generator is designed, and the Model of AC Power signal generator is XP-720 has 3 fully regulated supplies; The voltages range from 1.25 to 15 volts for both positive and negative voltages at 1 Ampere. Other voltages include 3 to 30V and 5V at 3 Amperes and the frequency of the AC power supply is limited to 60 Hz. After testing the AC power signal generator, an AC signal at 60 Hz was achieved