Analyzing HC-NJDG Data to Understand the Pendency in High Courts in India

Indian Judiciary is suffering from burden of millions of cases that are lying pending in its courts at all the levels. In this paper, we analyze the data that we have collected on the pendency of 24 high courts in the Republic of India as they were made available on High Court NJDG (HC-NJDG). We collected data on 73 days beginning August 31, 2017 to December 26, 2018, including these days. Thus, the data collected by us spans a period of almost sixteen months. We have analyzed various statistics available on the NJDG portal for High Courts, including but not limited to the number of judges in each high court, the number of cases pending in each high court, cases that have been pending for more than 10 years, cases filed, listed and disposed, cases filed by women and senior citizens, etc. Our results show that: 1) statistics as important as the number of judges in high courts have serious errors on NJDG (Fig. 1, 2, 10, 11, Table V). 2) pending cases in most of the high courts are increasing rather than decreasing (Fig. 3, 13). 3) regular update of HC-NJDG is required for it to be useful. Data related to some high courts is not being updated regularly or is updated erroneously on the portal (Fig. 14). 4) there is a huge difference in terms of average load of cases on judges of different high courts (Fig. 6). 5) if all the high courts operate at their approved strength of judges, then for most of the high courts pendency can be nullified within 20 years from now (Fig. 21, 22). 6) the pending cases filed by women and senior citizens are disproportionately low, they together constitute less than 10% of the total pending cases (Fig. 23 - 27) 7) a better scheduling process for preparing causelists in courts can help reducing the number of pending cases in the High Courts (Fig. 29). 8) some statistics are not well defined (Fig. 31).Comment: 25 pages, 31 figures, presented at Law Via Internet Conference, 201

Laali

A story of an illiterate woman of Rajasthan in India who in her journey of finding transcendental love realizes that marriage is not only the answer. After her broken marriage she tries several live in-relationships to find true love. She knows that the feeling of transcendental love, a love beyond logic and reasoning, exists and she starts searching the meaning of love, during her journey, she tries to understand principles of Hindu religion and philosophy to understand the reality and truth that fabricates the society to live in accordance with right knowledg

e-Courts Project: A Giant Leap by Indian Judiciary

This paper enumerates the efforts made by the Supreme Court of India and proposes a road map of how the existing Information and Communication Tech- nology (ICT) can help Indian judiciary to evolve as more technology driven with increased transparency. The main drive behind the efforts made by the Supreme Court is through e-Courts project. The Government of India has unleashed huge amount of funds to enhance the rate of justice and reduce the piling up of huge number of cases in the courts in India. Various steps have been taken to utilize the power of the Internet to ease the life of the litigant and all the other stakeholders in the process. The efforts are specially targeted to help the poor. The e-Courts project has led to scanning, digitization and digital preservation of case records, enabling video-conferencing for courts and jails, etc. A major outcome of the e- Courts project is the National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG). It provides an online, real time information on around 25 million pending cases in Indian courts are various levels. This paper also provides insights in the potential of ICT to be able to go far beyond than what is proposed in the e-Courts project. The e-Courts project has mainly provided a platform for the consolidation of the ICT infrastructure in the courts. In order to be able to use all this computing machinery efficiently, more services, beyond as envisaged in the e-Courts project have to be developed

Essays on Decentralization and Political Institutions

This dissertation comprises two essays on decentralization and political institutions. The first chapter of the dissertation investigates how national levels of corruption are influenced by the interaction of two factors in political decentralization: the presence of local elections and the organizational structure of national parties. Previous studies have focused primarily on the role of fiscal decentralization on corruption and have mostly ignored the institutions of political decentralization. Using new data in a series of expansive models across multiple countries and years, we find that corruption will be lower when local governments are more accountable to and more transparent towards their constituents. This beneficial arrangement is most likely when local elections are combined with non-integrated political parties, where party institutions themselves are decentralized from national control. Such an institutional arrangement maximizes local accountability by putting the decision to nominate and elect local leaders in the hands of those best in a position to evaluate their honesty – local electors. The second chapter analyzes how political institutions, and in particular party institutionalization, can mediate the impact of fiscal decentralization on climate change. Decentralization has remained an important shift in governance structure throughout the world in the past few decades. The economics literature, thus far, has not provided conclusive evidence regarding the impact of fiscal decentralization on combatting climate change. Decentralized decision making may be seen as antagonistic to the large externalities that typically characterize climate change policies. However, the local under-provision of public goods with externalities may be mediated by the presence of “institutionalized political parties.” These latter have a stable party organizational structure and strong linkage to voters, providing the incentives and capacity to shape the incentives of local elected officials. Using a large panel data set for 75 countries from 1971 to 2018, we find that the presence of strong party institutionalization significantly improves the functional role of fiscal decentralization in combating climate change, when the latter is measured by the reduction of CO2 emissions and the promotion of renewable energy consumption

Piping layout for fire sprinkler system: An overview

In todayrsquos times, the designing of piping systems has become an important field. With increased urbanization, and construction of complex infrastructures like advanced warehouses, factories, power distribution centers, refineries, multi-storied residential andnbsp commercial buildings, etc. , having a good piping system is a must for supplying adequate amount of clean water for fighting against fire threats. Earlier, piping design was done by using many manual calculations and formulation methods. This made piping design a laborious and time-consuming process and it was also prone to large amount of errors. However, modern piping design is done by using software such as ANSYS, CFD, AUTOCAD, etc. for doing calculations and drawing/designing the required layout. This not only reduces the computation times, but also allows us to have a virtual simulation of the chosen design, thereby giving us a better idea about how effective the chosen piping design will be before it is implemented, thus allowing us to fine tune the design for better output and also reducing the errors. In this paper, we highlight the requirements of a good piping system, and we elaborate upon the various steps involved in designing of such systems, and choosing the suitable type of piping layout for the required conditions such as available pressure, consumption demand, flow rate, etc. and performing various calculations on the basis of the above factors

Simulation of Diesel Particulate Filter regeneration using Lattice Boltzmann method

Lattice Boltzmann Method is a novel approach, which has shown promise in solving a wide variety of fluid flow problems including single and multi-phase flows in complex geometries. Volume elements of the fluid domain are considered to be composed of particles and these particles fall under a velocity distribution function at each grid point. Particles collide with each other under the influence of external forces and the rules of collision are defined so as to be compatible with the Navier-Stokes Equation. In the current work, LBM has been applied to Diesel Particulate filters which is a device used for reducing Particulate Matter emissions from diesel engines. Diesel Particulate Filtering (DPF) technologies as they are collectively known, have a two-step mechanism to them. First is the trapping of the particulate matter and second is the regeneration process, which is essentially the cleaning process applied to get rid of the trapped soot with or without the help of catalytic compounds. The deposited soot is oxidized during this regeneration process. This oxidation of soot has been modeled in the current work using LBM. An artificially created porous microstructure as used by authors in some earlier works has been used to simulate the flow of fluid, which is considered to have a specified mass fraction of soot for different runs of the simulation. The velocity and concentration fields have been modeled with a D2Q9 lattice arrangement and the temperature field with a D2Q4 arrangement. The numerical code is developed using C. Flow over a heated cylinder has been modeled as a benchmark case. The pressure, velocity, temperature and concentration contours for the disordered media are compared with published work